
BCBS has faced criticism for its business practices, with some accusing the company of prioritizing profits over patient care.
The company has been involved in several high-profile antitrust lawsuits, including a 2008 case in which it was accused of conspiring with other health insurers to fix prices and limit competition.
BCBS has also faced allegations of unfair business practices, such as denying coverage to patients with pre-existing conditions.
The company has a complex and often criticized relationship with its network of healthcare providers, which can make it difficult for patients to receive the care they need.
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History and Structure
Blue Cross and Blue Shield plans have their roots in the early 20th century as non-profit health insurance organizations.
The first BCBS plan was created in 1929 by a group of hospital executives in Dallas, Texas, providing coverage for hospitalization expenses and was known as the "Blue Cross" plan.
Blue Cross was developed by Justin Ford Kimball in 1929, while he was vice president of Baylor University's health care facilities in Dallas, Texas.
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The first Blue Cross plan guaranteed teachers 21 days of hospital care for $6 a year.
The American Hospital Association (AHA) adopted the Blue Cross symbol in 1939 as the emblem for plans meeting certain standards.
Blue Shield was developed by employers in lumber and mining camps of the Pacific Northwest to provide medical care by paying monthly fees to medical service bureaus composed of groups of physicians.
In 1939, the first official Blue Shield plan was founded in California.
Blue Shield was initially founded by doctors and businessmen in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the following year after the creation of the Blue Cross plan.
Over the next several decades, more BCBS plans were established throughout the United States, each with its own unique history and focus.
The National Association of Blue Shield Plans (NABSP) was created in 1974, serving as an advocacy organization for BCBS plans on a national level.
In 1982, Blue Shield merged with The Blue Cross Association to form the Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association (BCBS).
Today, there are over 35 independent BCBS plans across the country, each with its own network of providers and pricing structures.
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Antitrust and Reputation
Blue Cross and Blue Shield (BCBS) has a strong reputation in the healthcare industry. BCBS plans have consistently ranked high in customer satisfaction and overall quality of care, according to industry publications like J. D. Power and Consumer Reports.
BCBS is known for its comprehensive coverage options and affordable pricing, making it an attractive option for those seeking a full-service health insurance plan. Many BCBS plans also offer additional benefits such as dental, vision, and mental health services.
BCBS' commitment to providing high-quality, accessible healthcare to members has earned it a positive reputation within the industry.
Antitrust Settlement
The antitrust settlement in 2022 was a significant development for the BCBS Association. The group of 34 companies settled an antitrust investigation by allowing competition among member companies under non-Blue names.
This settlement had a notable impact on the association's structure, as it allowed for competition among member companies while retaining regional exclusivity for regional licenses.
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Industry Reputation
Blue Cross and Blue Shield (BCBS) plans have consistently ranked high in terms of customer satisfaction and overall quality of care, according to recent surveys conducted by industry publications such as J. D. Power and Consumer Reports.
BCBS is known for its strong network of healthcare providers, which is a key factor in its high reputation.
Many BCBS plans offer additional benefits such as dental, vision, and mental health services, making them an attractive option for those seeking a full-service health insurance plan.
BCBS's commitment to providing high-quality, accessible healthcare to members has earned it a positive reputation within the healthcare industry.
Mission and Services
BCBS has a clear mission to provide affordable health care coverage to all Americans. Their vision is to create a healthcare system that delivers better value for their customers by offering high-quality, accessible, and affordable healthcare services.
BCBS offers a range of services in healthcare coverage, including medical and surgical benefits, prescription drug coverage, mental health and substance abuse treatment, dental care, vision care, and more. Some specific services may vary by state and plan type, but can include preventive care, hospitalization coverage, emergency services, and chronic condition management programs.
BCBS strives to provide comprehensive and affordable healthcare coverage options for its members, with some plans offering additional perks like wellness programs, telehealth services, and access to fitness centers or other health-related discounts.
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Mission and Vision
BCBS aims to provide affordable health care coverage to all Americans. Their mission is a crucial step towards achieving this goal.
The company's vision is to create a healthcare system that delivers better value for their customers. This vision is centered around offering high-quality, accessible, and affordable healthcare services.
BCBS aims to achieve this vision through innovative solutions, strategic partnerships, and advocacy efforts on behalf of their members. These efforts are designed to make healthcare more accessible and affordable for everyone.
Services Offered
At Blue Cross Blue Shield (BCBS), you can expect comprehensive healthcare coverage that goes beyond just medical bills. BCBS offers a range of services in healthcare coverage.
Preventive care is a big part of BCBS plans, which can include annual checkups, immunizations, and cancer screenings. These services help catch health issues early, when they're easier to treat.
BCBS also covers hospitalization for inpatient and outpatient procedures, so you can get the care you need without breaking the bank. Emergency services like ambulance transportation and ER visits are also covered.
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Some BCBS plans offer chronic condition management programs for conditions like diabetes or heart disease. These programs can help you manage your condition and live a healthier life.
BCBS plans often include additional perks like wellness programs and telehealth services. You may also have access to fitness centers or other health-related discounts.
Revenue and Market Share
Blue Cross Blue Shield (BCBS) is the largest health insurance organization in the US, with over 106 million members.
BCBS has a significant revenue stream from its large membership base, with annual revenues exceeding $300 billion. This makes it one of the largest health insurance companies in the world.
BCBS operates in all 50 states, with a diverse range of health insurance products and services. This broad reach allows BCBS to generate substantial market share in the US health insurance market.
For-Profit Conversions
For-profit conversions can result in significant financial distributions to charitable causes. In the case of Blue Cross of California, the conversion led to the creation of The California Endowment and California Health Care Foundation, which were endowed with $3.2 billion.
This distribution of assets is not unique to California, as other for-profit conversions have also yielded substantial proceeds. For example, in Nevada, the proceeds from a for-profit conversion were a relatively modest $1.5 million.
In some cases, the proceeds from for-profit conversions have been used to benefit specific groups, such as union workers. The Empire Blue Cross conversion is an exceptional case where the proceeds went directly to fund wage increases for union workers.
Revenue and Finances
BCBS generated revenue of approximately $103 billion in 2020, with the majority coming from premiums paid by members for their health insurance coverage.
These premiums are a significant source of income for the company, and they also generate revenue through administrative fees, pharmacy benefits management services, and other sources such as investment income.
BCBS spends heavily on healthcare claims processing, which is a major expense for the company. This is largely driven by the need to process large volumes of claims.
The company also invests in network administration, marketing and advertising, and regulatory compliance, which are essential for maintaining a vast network of providers across the country.
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Market Share and Competition
BCBS holds a significant market share of approximately 35% in the U.S. health insurance industry as of 2019.
This makes it the largest health insurer in the country, giving it a substantial presence in the market.
BCBS operates through various subsidiaries across different states, allowing it to offer localized products and services while maintaining its national presence.
The company faces stiff competition from other major health insurers such as UnitedHealthcare, Anthem, and Cigna.
However, due to its size and reputation, BCBS is able to negotiate favorable rates with healthcare providers and hospitals, giving it an advantage over smaller competitors.
BCBS has invested heavily in technology and data analytics to improve efficiency and reduce costs for both itself and its customers.
Health Plans and Coverage
The HRA (Health Reimbursement Account) is a great resource for those on MIT insurance, especially for JP students who need to visit a doctor's office within the Blue Cross Blue Shield PPO network.
You can get reimbursed for copayments that would have been incurred if you had visited MIT Medical, which is super helpful for unexpected medical expenses.
If you're a WHOI-based student with chronic health concerns, the HRA can also cover fees associated with frequent doctor visits or counselling appointments.
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Multi-State Member Organizations
In the health insurance industry, you'll find a mix of companies that operate in multiple states. Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan is a notable example of a multi-state member organization.
These organizations have a significant presence across the country, offering health insurance plans to millions of people. CareFirst is another example of a multi-state member organization that provides health insurance coverage.
Some of the most well-known multi-state member organizations include Elevance Health (formerly Anthem), GuideWell, and Health Care Service Corporation. These companies have a large customer base and offer a range of health insurance plans.
Here are some examples of multi-state member organizations:
- Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan
- CareFirst
- Elevance Health (formerly Anthem)
- GuideWell
- Health Care Service Corporation
- Highmark
- Premera
- Cambia Health Solutions
- Wellmark Blue Cross Blue Shield
Types of Plans
BCBS offers a range of plans to suit different needs and preferences. The most basic plan is the Standard Option, which covers hospitalization, surgery, and outpatient services.
If you want more flexibility in choosing healthcare providers, consider a PPO or POS plan. Both types offer a network of doctors, hospitals, and other healthcare facilities, and often come with lower co-payments than the Standard Option.
HMOs require you to choose a primary care physician who coordinates your medical care, but services outside the network may not be covered. This can be a good option if you're willing to stick with a specific network.
High Deductible Health Plans have higher deductibles than traditional insurance plans, but they also allow for tax-free savings in a Health Savings Account (HSA). This can be a good choice if you're relatively healthy and want to save on premiums.
Medicare Advantage Plans are designed for people over 65 or those with certain disabilities, and are managed by private insurance companies. They must meet specific requirements set forth by Medicare.
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Health Reimbursement Account (HRA)
The Health Reimbursement Account (HRA) is a great resource for students who need to see a doctor outside of MIT Medical. Eligible students can visit any physician's office within the Blue Cross Blue Shield PPO network for conditions requiring prompt attention.
You can get reimbursed for copayments that would have been incurred if you had visited MIT Medical. Just fill out a form and submit it to Benefit Strategies, a 3rd party.
The HRA is available for students with chronic health concerns who need to make frequent doctor visits, such as allergy shots or diabetes treatment. It can also be used to cover fees associated with counseling appointments.
Non-urgent and infrequent appointments, like annual physical exams, should still be scheduled at MIT Medical. The HRA is meant to supplement, not replace, the MIT SEIP.
If you travel from the Cape to MIT Medical, you can get fully reimbursed for your costs, including bus fare and parking pass. Just complete a Travel Expense Voucher and submit it to the Academic Programs Office.
If you have trouble getting reimbursed through the HRA or have questions about how to use it, contact the Academic Programs Office or Human Resources for help.
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Prescriptions
Prescriptions can be picked up at the MIT Medical Pharmacy, where most contraceptives are free and other medications have a copay of $5 to $25 per month.
If you don't want to visit the MIT Medical Pharmacy, most prescriptions can be mailed, with an extra $7 charge for mailing and up to 3 months at a time.
Medications that can't be mailed can be sent to a pharmacy on the Cape that accepts Express Scripts, with an extra $10-20 charge, except for contraceptives which are still free.
The MIT SEIP only allows one month at a time from Express Scripts, so you'll need to plan ahead if you choose this option.
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Costs & Coverage
The cost of health plans can be overwhelming, but let's break it down. Blue Cross and Blue Shield plans vary in cost depending on location, healthcare provider, and specific services required.
There are four different levels of coverage: Bronze, Silver, Gold, and Platinum. The more expensive plans generally provide better coverage for medical expenses but may require higher monthly premiums.
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If you're on MIT insurance, the cheapest option for prescriptions is to pick them up at the MIT Medical Pharmacy. Most contraceptives are free, and other medications have a copay of $5 to $25 per month.
You can request a refill and have your prescriptions mailed to your home address for an extra $7, with up to 3 months at a time. However, medications that cannot be mailed require a $10-20 extra charge, on top of the regular copay, except for contraceptives which are still free.
MIT graduate students can purchase dental coverage at a group rate through Delta Dental, with two plans available: the PPO Value Plan or the DeltaCare plan. Sign-up must be done at the beginning of the academic year.
Eligibility and Dispute Resolution
Eligibility requirements for Blue Cross and Blue Shield plans vary by state and insurance provider. Generally, eligibility requirements include proof of citizenship or legal residency in the United States, proof of identity, and completion of an application process.

Some providers may also require medical underwriting or health questions to determine whether an individual is eligible for coverage. Age restrictions or pre-existing condition exclusions could affect an individual's eligibility for coverage.
If you're having trouble with your BCBS plan, the dispute resolution process is in place to help. Members are encouraged to try to resolve disputes directly with their healthcare provider or insurance company through informal channels.
If this fails, you can file a complaint with the BCBS National Association headquarters by submitting an online form or calling their customer service line. A team of professionals will investigate the issue and provide a response within 30 days.
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Eligibility Requirements
Eligibility requirements for health insurance plans can be complex, but it's essential to understand what's required to enroll.
To be eligible for a Blue Cross and Blue Shield plan, you'll typically need to provide proof of citizenship or legal residency in the United States.
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Proof of identity is also a standard requirement for most insurance providers.
Some providers may require medical underwriting or health questions to determine your eligibility for coverage.
Age restrictions can affect your eligibility for coverage, so it's essential to check the plan's requirements.
Pre-existing condition exclusions can also impact your eligibility, so it's crucial to review the plan's details carefully.
Individuals should carefully review their plan options and understand any eligibility requirements before enrolling in a Blue Cross and Blue Shield plan.
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Dispute Resolution Process
If you're experiencing issues with your Blue Cross and Blue Shield plan, don't worry, there's a clear process in place to help resolve disputes.
First, try to resolve the issue directly with your healthcare provider or insurance company through informal channels like phone calls, emails, or in-person meetings. This can often resolve the issue quickly and efficiently.
If that doesn't work, you can file a complaint with the BCBS National Association headquarters by submitting an online form or calling their customer service line. They'll review your complaint and provide a response within 30 days.

If you're still not satisfied, you can escalate the matter to the next level of appeal, which involves contacting the state regulatory body that oversees BCBS plans in your area. This step usually requires additional paperwork and documentation from both parties involved.
In rare cases, if all other options have been exhausted, you may need to take legal action against the insurance company. However, this should only be considered after you've exhausted all administrative remedies first.
Subsidiaries and Affiliates
BCBS has several subsidiaries and affiliates across the United States, including Anthem Inc., which was formed in 2004 and serves over 14 million members in multiple states.
Anthem Inc. operates in states such as California, Colorado, and Kentucky, among others. CareSource is another major subsidiary that provides Medicaid managed care services in a number of states.
CareSource operates in states including Florida, Georgia, and Ohio, among others.
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Single-State Member Organizations
Single-State Member Organizations are a type of subsidiary that operates within a single state. These organizations are part of the larger Blue Cross Blue Shield Association.

Some notable Single-State Member Organizations include Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Alabama and Blue Shield of California, which are two of the many organizations that operate independently within their respective states.
These organizations often have their own unique features and services, such as Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Kansas City, which has its own network of providers and hospitals.
Other Single-State Member Organizations include Blue Cross Blue Shield of Massachusetts, Blue Cross Blue Shield of North Dakota, Blue Cross Blue Shield of South Carolina, and BlueCross BlueShield of Tennessee.
Here's a list of some Single-State Member Organizations:
- Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Alabama
- Blue Shield of California
- Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Kansas City
- Blue Cross Blue Shield of Massachusetts
- Blue Cross Blue Shield of North Dakota
- Blue Cross Blue Shield of South Carolina
- BlueCross BlueShield of Tennessee
- Capital Blue Cross (Central Pennsylvania)
- Hawaii Medical Service Association
- Horizon Blue Cross Blue Shield of New Jersey
- Independence Blue Cross (Philadelphia, Southeastern Pennsylvania)
Subsidiaries and Affiliates
BCBS has several subsidiaries and affiliates across the United States. One of its largest subsidiaries is Anthem Inc., which serves more than 14 million members in several states.
Anthem Inc. was formed in 2004 through the combination of BCBS of Indiana and WellPoint Health Networks. It operates in states including California, Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Kentucky, Maine, Missouri, Nevada, New Hampshire, Ohio, Virginia, and Wisconsin.
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CareSource is another major subsidiary that provides Medicaid managed care services in multiple states. These states include Florida, Georgia, Illinois, North Carolina, Ohio, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.
BCBS also has various affiliate companies that provide healthcare-related products and services. These affiliates include Cigna Corporation, Empire BlueCross BlueShield, and Highmark Inc.
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Trends and Impact
BCBS Wiki is a comprehensive online encyclopedia that provides valuable information on Blue Cross Blue Shield, a health insurance organization.
The trends and impact of BCBS Wiki are significant, with over 10 million users accessing the website each year.
BCBS Wiki has become an essential resource for individuals seeking information on health insurance, medical procedures, and wellness programs.
According to the website's statistics, the most popular topics on BCBS Wiki include health insurance plans, medical billing, and healthcare reform.
The impact of BCBS Wiki extends beyond its online presence, with many users reporting improved health outcomes and increased knowledge about their health insurance options.
BCBS Wiki's user-friendly interface and vast library of content make it an invaluable resource for individuals, healthcare professionals, and researchers alike.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Who bought BCBS?
Elevance Health acquired Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Louisiana (BCBSLA) in a $2.5 billion deal, but the acquisition is currently on hold due to competition concerns.
What does BCBS stand for?
BCBS stands for Blue Cross Blue Shield Association, a federation of independent health insurance companies. It's a leading provider of health insurance in the United States, covering over 115 million people.
Is BCBS owned by Anthem?
No, Blue Cross Blue Shield (BCBS) is not owned by Anthem, but rather Anthem is one of the independent companies that make up the BCBS umbrella. BCBS is a network of separate companies, with Anthem being just one of them.
How long has BCBS been around?
BCBS has been around since 1982, with a rich history of perseverance and innovation. Founded over 40 years ago, the organization has grown to serve over 100 million members.
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