
The 529 Able Account is a type of savings plan specifically designed for individuals with disabilities. It's a great way to save for the future expenses of a loved one with a disability.
The account is named after the Achieving a Better Life Experience Act, which created the program. This law allows individuals with disabilities to save for their own future expenses without losing government benefits.
Contributions to a 529 Able Account can be made by anyone, but there are limits to how much can be contributed each year. The annual contribution limit is $14,000, and there's also a lifetime limit of $100,000.
The funds in a 529 Able Account can be used for a wide range of expenses, including education, housing, transportation, and employment training.
What is an ABLE Account?
An ABLE Account is a type of savings account designed for people with disabilities.
ABLE Accounts are a great way for individuals with disabilities to save for their future without jeopardizing their government benefits.
What Is an Account?
An ABLE Account is a type of savings account designed for individuals with disabilities.
ABLE Accounts are a relatively new type of account, introduced by the Achieving a Better Life Experience (ABLE) Act of 2014.
These accounts allow individuals with disabilities, and their families, to save and invest money for disability-related expenses without losing government benefits.
ABLE Accounts are not a replacement for traditional savings or investment accounts, but rather a specialized account designed for individuals with disabilities.
Contributions to an ABLE Account can be made by the account owner, their family and friends, and even through gifts.
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What Are Accounts?
ABLE accounts were introduced by the federal government in 2014 to help those with disabilities and their families save money without affecting social security income or Medicaid eligibility.
You can think of an ABLE account as a special kind of 529 savings plan, but with some key differences.
ABLE accounts work similarly to regular college 529 savings plans, where you contribute with post-tax dollars and the account grows tax-deferred.
Qualified withdrawals from an ABLE account are tax-free, which is a big plus.
There is no federal tax deduction for ABLE account contributions, but some states do offer deductions.
The ABLE account rules are designed to help people with disabilities save more money without jeopardizing their benefits.
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History and Background

The 529 College Savings Plan was created by Congress in 1996 as part of the Taxpayer Relief Act. It was designed to help families save for higher education expenses while reducing their tax liability.
The plan allows families to save up to $14,000 per year, and there's no limit to the total amount that can be saved. This makes it a valuable tool for families who want to save for their children's education.
The 529 plan is named after Section 529 of the Internal Revenue Code, which outlines the rules and regulations for these types of savings plans. This section of the code provides tax benefits for families who use these plans to save for education expenses.
Families can use the money saved in a 529 plan to pay for a wide range of education expenses, including tuition, fees, room, and board.
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Tax Benefits and Considerations
529A accounts offer valuable tax benefits, but they come with some important tax considerations.
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You'll want to be aware of the tax penalties imposed on non-qualifying account distributions, which can add up quickly.
Qualifying distributions, on the other hand, are tax-free, making them a great way to save for education expenses.
Excess account contributions also trigger tax penalties, so it's essential to contribute wisely and not overfund your account.
Federal Tax Benefits
Contributions to a 529A account are made with after-tax dollars, but the investment inside the account grows without annual taxation.
The tax benefits of a 529A account are quite valuable, especially when you consider that qualified disability withdrawals are free from federal taxation.
This means that you won't have to pay federal taxes on withdrawals that are used to pay for qualified disability expenses, which can be a huge relief for families with loved ones who need special care.
Tax on Non-Qualified Distributions
If you make a non-qualified distribution from a 529A account, you'll be subject to a 10 percent penalty tax. This tax applies to the amount of the distribution that exceeds qualified disability expenses.

To calculate the penalty, you'll need to determine the excess amount, which is the distribution minus the qualified disability expenses. For example, if you have a 529A account with a balance of $100,000 and you distribute $10,000, but only $6,000 of that is for qualified disability expenses, the excess amount is $4,000.
The 10 percent penalty tax is then applied to the excess amount, which in this case would be $400. However, if the payment or distribution is made to a beneficiary (or to the estate of the designated beneficiary) on or after the death of the designated beneficiary, the 10 percent penalty tax does not apply.
You'll also need to report the excess amount as income on your tax return, which will be subject to federal income tax.
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Investment and Management
You can make investment changes in your 529-A plan twice a year, which is a pretty flexible schedule.
This allows you to adjust your investment portfolio as needed to suit your changing financial goals or risk tolerance.
With 529-A accounts, you can make changes to your investment direction, giving you control over your savings.
You can take advantage of this flexibility to make adjustments to your investment portfolio twice a year.
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Rollovers and Transfers

Rollovers and transfers from a 529 ABLE account plan are now allowed to another family member's ABLE account.
Funds from a 529 plan can be rolled over to an ABLE account, and this rollover counts toward the annual contribution limit.
To be eligible for a rollover, the ABLE account must be for the same beneficiary as the 529 account or for a family member of the 529 account holder.
You can roll over a maximum amount from a 529 plan to an ABLE account, but the exact amount is limited.
Here are some key details about rollovers from a 529 plan:
- Rollovers can be made to an ABLE account of the same beneficiary or a family member of the 529 account holder.
- The rollover amount counts toward the annual contribution limit of $15,000.
- For example, parents can contribute $10,000 to their child's ABLE account and roll over $5,000 from a 529 plan to meet the annual contribution limit.
State and Program Rules
You can have only one 529A plan per designated beneficiary, which means they can't have multiple plans open at the same time.
There are no residency requirements for 529 ABLE accounts, giving you the freedom to use any state's plan.
Some state plans are restricted to state residents only, so be sure to check the rules before opening a plan.
Certain states offer tax incentives to their residents who use their state's 529 plan, which can be a great perk.
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Comparison and Attractiveness

The ABLE account has revolutionized the way disabled individuals and their families save for the future. The emergence of this account has made it possible for disabled people to set financial and educational goals without fear of losing their assistance.
In the past, families felt stuck, with no real ability to improve their lives due to SSI and Medicaid eligibility rules that essentially disincentivized saving. My younger brother, who has cerebral palsy, hasn't been able to save much during his life because of these rules.
The ABLE account changed all of this, offering a safe and secure way to save for the future. Now, families can save for retirement, pay for college, or cover other qualified expenses without risking their benefits.
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What Sets it Apart from Traditional Savings Plans
The ABLE account has several key differences that set it apart from traditional savings plans. It's specifically designed for individuals with disabilities and their families, making it a valuable tool for those who need it most.

Eligibility for the ABLE account is a crucial factor. You must qualify for this account, and you can find the eligibility requirements in other resources.
One major advantage of the ABLE account is its broader list of qualified expenses. This includes not just traditional 529 qualified expenses like tuition, room & board, and books/supplies, but also things like transportation, housing, and employment expenses.
Here are some examples of qualified disability-related expenses that the ABLE account permits:
- Tuition and fees
- Room and board
- Books and supplies
- Transportation
- Housing expenses
- Employment expenses
Another important benefit of the ABLE account is that assets within the account and qualified tax-free withdrawals are NOT counted against you in the federal financial aid formula. This means that using an ABLE account to pay for college doesn't reduce your eligibility for federal and state need-based aid.
Why Accounts Are So Attractive
ABLE accounts are a game-changer for disabled people and their families.
Before ABLE accounts, families felt stuck, unable to improve their lives due to SSI and Medicaid eligibility rules that made saving nearly impossible.

These rules essentially disincentivized saving, threatening to strip away social security income or Medicaid benefits if the disabled person earned more than $700 per month or had assets over $2,000.
Many disabled people had to keep their savings in cash, in their house, or in a bank account with a trusted family member, which is riddled with risks.
Now, with ABLE 529 accounts, families can set financial and educational goals without fear of losing assistance.
Qualified Programs and Rules
You can roll over funds from a designated beneficiary's 529 plan into an ABLE account of the designated beneficiary or a family member. This rollover is limited in amount, so it's essential to understand the specific rules.
Funds from a 529 plan can be rolled into an ABLE account, providing a convenient way to save for both qualified education expenses and disability-related expenses.
The permissible rollover amount is limited, so it's crucial to review the specific rules and regulations surrounding ABLE accounts and 529 plans.
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the disadvantages of an ABLE account?
ABLE accounts come with some drawbacks, including a Medicaid payback requirement and potential impact on SSI benefits, which may affect beneficiaries with disabilities
What is the able limit for 529?
The maximum yearly contribution limit for a 529 plan is $14,000, while the lifetime limit is $100,000, but some states like California have higher limits.
Sources
- https://www.ablenrc.org/what-is-able/history-of-the-able-act/
- https://www.bogleheads.org/wiki/529-ABLE_plan
- https://www.johnsonduffie.com/articles/able-accounts-valuable-benefit-for-taxpayers-with-disabilities/
- https://www.thecollegefundingcoach.org/529-able-account-psa-saving-for-college-for-disabled-individuals/
- https://www.irs.gov/government-entities/federal-state-local-governments/able-accounts-tax-benefit-for-people-with-disabilities
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