If you're a non-US citizen living in the United States, you're likely aware that health insurance is essential for accessing quality medical care.
In the US, non-citizens are eligible for health insurance through various programs, including Medicaid, the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP), and the Affordable Care Act (ACA) marketplace.
Non-citizens who are lawfully present in the US can purchase private health insurance through the ACA marketplace, but they may not be eligible for subsidies.
To be eligible for Medicaid, non-citizens must meet specific immigration status requirements, such as being a refugee, asylee, or lawful permanent resident.
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Eligibility and Options
You can purchase health insurance in the US even if you're not a citizen, as long as you're lawfully present in the country. This includes those with non-immigrant status, such as work visas and student visas.
To be eligible for health insurance in the US, you must meet certain conditions, including being a qualified non-citizen immigrant with no waiting period, or having a valid non-immigrant visa.
Some international medical plans require you to live or be living in a foreign country for at least 3 months per year, while others may only cover you for a year or longer.
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Eligibility for Premium Subsidies
To be eligible for premium subsidies, you must be lawfully present in the U.S. and meet certain income requirements. Lawfully present immigrant status applies to a wide range of people, including those with non-immigrant status such as work visas and student visas.
You can purchase coverage in the health insurance exchange for the state you're living in, even if you're only in the U.S. temporarily. Depending on your income, you might be eligible for a premium subsidy to offset some of the cost of the coverage.
To be eligible for premium subsidies, your income must be at least 100% of the federal poverty level (FPL), but subsidies also extend below the poverty level for recent immigrants. Recent immigrants can get subsidies in the exchange regardless of how low their income is.
Here are the key eligibility requirements for premium subsidies:
- Lawfully present in the U.S.
- Income at least 100% of FPL (subsidies extend below poverty level for recent immigrants)
- No access to an affordable employer-sponsored plan that provides minimum value
Note: Some states are establishing programs that use state funds to subsidize health coverage for undocumented immigrants.
Choosing the Right
Choosing the right health insurance plan can be overwhelming, especially when moving to a new country. If you're an expat moving to the USA, there are three providers that we recommend the most.
To determine which plan is right for you, consider your budget and how much you could potentially pay out-of-pocket in an emergency. You should also think about which services you need coverage for, such as dental, vision, prescriptions, or mental health.
For short-term travels lasting a year or two, a travel medical plan is a good option. These plans cover emergency medical issues and other travel benefits. For long-term stays lasting multiple years, an International Health Insurance plan is more suitable. This type of plan provides comprehensive medical coverage with annual renewal.
If you have multiple employees abroad, consider a group international plan to save time and money managing their coverage. Here are some key questions to ask yourself when choosing a worldwide health insurance plan:
- What is your budget for health insurance?
- For which services will you need coverage?
- Which countries will you be living in, and what are their healthcare standards?
- For how long will you need coverage?
- Do you have any pre-existing medical conditions for which you might need care?
- Do you need coverage for routine check-ups and preventative care, or is the cost of care reasonable in your destination country?
- What is the claims process like, and how accessible is customer support?
- Do you need travel coverage?
By considering these factors and asking the right questions, you can find the best health insurance plan for your needs and budget.
Special Enrollment Period and Exemptions
You have 60 days from the date you became a citizen or a lawfully present individual to enroll in a plan through the exchange, with subsidies if you're eligible for them.
If you're a new citizen, you'll want to take advantage of this special enrollment period to get the health insurance you need. This period is exclusive to new citizens and lawfully present individuals.
There are currently about 1.5 million people in nine states who are in a coverage gap that exists because those states have refused to expand Medicaid.
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Special Enrollment Period
You have 60 days from the date you became a citizen or a lawfully present individual to enroll in a plan through the exchange, with subsidies if you're eligible for them.
This special enrollment period is a great opportunity to get health insurance, especially if you're eligible for subsidies. There are about 1.5 million people in nine states who are in a coverage gap that exists because those states have refused to expand Medicaid.
If you're a new citizen, you'll have this 60-day window to enroll in a plan through the exchange. This is a significant advantage, especially for low-income immigrants who weren't eligible for Medicaid.
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Individual Mandate Exemptions
Individuals who live in the US for a short period may be exempt from the individual mandate. This exemption applies to foreign nationals who do not become resident aliens for federal income tax purposes.
Non-resident aliens are exempt from the individual mandate. Dual-status aliens who are in their first year of residency in the US are also exempt.
Individuals who file a joint return with a US spouse, even if they are non-resident aliens or dual-status aliens, are exempt from the individual mandate. This includes dual-status tax returns for their last year of stay in the US as a resident.
Individuals who qualify for a personal exemption on Form 1040NR or Form 1040NR-EZ are exempt from the individual mandate.
Here's a list of individuals who are exempt from the individual mandate:
- Non-resident aliens;
- Dual-status aliens who are in their first year of residency in the US;
- Non-resident aliens or dual-status aliens who chose to file a joint return with a US spouse;
- Individuals who file a Form 1040NR or Form 1040NR-EZ, including a dual-status tax return for their last year of stay in the US as a resident;
- Individuals who qualify for a personal exemption on Form 1040NR or Form 1040NR-EZ.
For more information, see Pub. 519.
Public Charge Rule
The public charge rule was a major change in policy under the Trump administration. It was finalized in August 2019 and proposed changes were made nearly a year earlier.
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The rule aimed to make it harder for people to enter the United States by requiring them to prove they could purchase non-taxpayer funded health insurance within 30 days of entering the country. This requirement was later revoked by the Biden administration in April 2021.
The public charge rule did not change anything about eligibility for premium subsidies in the exchange, and subsidies continued to be available to legally present residents who met the guidelines for subsidy eligibility.
Return
Returning to a stable situation is a relief, especially when it comes to your health insurance.
You can qualify for Medicaid and the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) if you meet your state's income eligibility requirements and are in the U.S. legally. This can be a great option for lawfully present immigrants.
If you're considering a global health plan, you'll want to think about what benefits are most important to you. Each plan is different, so choose one that fits your needs.
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Some benefits you might find in a global health plan include hospitalization, outpatient care, and emergency medical evacuation. You might also get prescription drugs, maternity care, and telemedicine.
Preventative care, mental health services, and dental and vision care are often included in global health plans. You might also get chronic condition management, rehabilitation following injury or surgery, inpatient and outpatient international medical care, and the freedom to choose any hospital or doctor.
If you're looking at global health plans, consider what you want from your coverage. Do you want worldwide coverage, including your home country? Do you want the option to pay in multiple currencies?
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Publicly Funded Programs
Publicly Funded Programs can provide lawfully present immigrants with health insurance.
Medicaid and the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) are two government-funded programs that can help. To qualify, you must meet your state's income eligibility requirements and be in the U.S. legally.
In 21 states, children and pregnant women do not have to wait 5 years to get CHIP coverage. This is a significant advantage for immigrant families who may be struggling financially.
Qualified non-citizens, including Green Card holders, refugees, and asylees, are generally eligible for Medicaid and CHIP if they meet their state's income and residency rules.
For more insights, see: Medicaid Managed Care Organization
Publicly Funded Programs
Publicly Funded Programs can provide a safety net for lawfully present immigrants who need health insurance. Medicaid and the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) are two government-funded programs that can help.
To qualify for Medicaid and CHIP, you must meet your state's income eligibility requirements and be in the U.S. legally. This means that immigrants who are lawfully present in the country, such as Green Card holders, refugees, and asylees, may be eligible.
Qualified non-citizens include Green Card holders, refugees, and asylees. Refugees and asylees do not have to wait 5 years before they can apply for Medicaid, but many other qualified non-citizens, including Green Card holders, must wait 5 years.
Some states allow income-eligible people to apply for Medicaid and CHIP regardless of their immigration status. These states include California, Illinois, Massachusetts, New York, Oregon, and Washington.
Here are the types of qualified non-citizens who are eligible for Medicaid and CHIP:
- Green Card holders (lawful permanent residents)
- Refugees and asylees
- Cuban/Haitian entrants
- Humanitarian parolees
- Battered non-citizens, spouses, children, or parents
- Victims of trafficking and their spouse, child, sibling, or parent
Emergency Medicaid is also available for immigrants who are not considered "qualified non-citizens" but meet all other income and state residency rules. This means that undocumented immigrants can get Emergency Medicaid, which pays for emergency services, including hospitalizations.
Non-US Citizens
As a non-US citizen, you may be wondering what options are available to you when it comes to health insurance. Typically, your employer will offer a policy that covers you and your immediate family members, but this may not be enough to cover the high costs of medical care in the US.
Most non-US citizens can choose to purchase an international health plan, which provides access to a wide range of medical treatments worldwide.
If you're coming to the US to work, you may need to check the requirements for your specific visa type, such as the J-1 visa, which requires proof of health coverage from an approved provider.
To be eligible for a global health policy, you must have a plan to reside outside of your home country on or before the policy's effective date, and most plans require you to apply 30 to 45 days before your departure date.
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You can also consider purchasing foreign health insurance through a local insurance company or international insurance provider, although this may not cover you in your home country or other countries you travel to.
Here are some key differences between international health plans and local private insurance:
It's worth noting that some visas, like the J-1 visa, require proof of health coverage, so be sure to check the specific requirements for your visa type.
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Private Insurance Options
If you're a non-US citizen living abroad, investing in a high-quality international health insurance plan is a smart move. These plans can be your lifeline if something happens while you're abroad and you need to seek treatment.
International health insurance plans offer four plan options and additional optional coverages, allowing you to customize your coverage to fit your needs. You can also choose the coverage area to reflect your geographical area of need, giving you flexibility and peace of mind.
Some international health insurance plans, like the IMG Global Medical Plan, offer freedom to choose your healthcare provider wherever you are in the world. This can be especially important if you have a pre-existing medical condition or need access to specialized care.
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Marketplace
The Health Insurance Marketplace is a government program that allows you to buy private health insurance. You can search for insurance online or in person.
U.S. citizens and lawfully present immigrants can use the ACA marketplace, but undocumented immigrants are not eligible unless they have DACA. Starting in November 2024, DACA recipients can apply for health insurance through HealthCare.gov and state-based marketplaces.
To be eligible for health insurance through the ACA, non-citizens must have humanitarian status, valid non-immigrant visas, or legal status through other laws. This includes Temporary Protected Status, asylum applicants, Convention Against Torture, victims of trafficking, or DACA, as well as temporary resident status, LIFE Act, and Family Unity individuals.
You can apply for health insurance through the ACA marketplace, and the cost is based on your income. This is a great option for those who want to purchase private health insurance through a government program.
Here are the eligibility requirements for non-citizens:
- Humanitarian status including Temporary Protected Status, asylum applicants, Convention Against Torture, victims of trafficking, or DACA
- Valid non-immigrant visas
- Legal status through other laws (temporary resident status, LIFE Act, Family Unity individuals)
Alternatives to
If you're not eligible for health insurance through the Affordable Care Act (ACA) or can't afford it, there are alternatives to consider. You can search for free or low-cost medical care at health centers and clinics.
Health care providers are not required to ask about your immigration status, and they can't deny you medical care because of it. You can find local health clinics and other services for immigrants with the app FindHello.
If you're looking for more comprehensive coverage, consider private insurance options like GeoBlue Xplorer, which offers a wider network of high-quality doctors and hospitals through its partnership with Blue Cross and Blue Shield of America.
Here are some key features of private insurance options:
- GeoBlue Xplorer: Offers comprehensive benefits and premium customer service
- IMG Global Medical Plan: Provides four plan options and additional optional coverages, with the freedom to choose your healthcare provider worldwide
When choosing a private insurance option, consider your budget, the countries you'll be living in, and the healthcare standards in those countries. You may also want to ask yourself which services you need coverage for, such as dental or vision care.
Ultimately, the right private insurance option for you will depend on your individual needs and circumstances. Be sure to research and compare different plans to find the best fit for you.
Take a look at this: Average Cost for Private Medical Insurance
Foreign Purchase Amount
So, you're wondering how much insurance coverage you should purchase as a foreign national in the US. The amount you choose will depend on several factors, including your current health, the nature of your work, and the length of your stay.
Policy maximums typically start at $50,000 per period and can reach as high as $5 million.
For a 5-day to 1-month stay, we recommend getting $50,000 to $100,000 in medical coverage. This is a good starting point for a short-term stay.
For a 1-month to 3-month stay, we suggest getting coverage of $100,000 to $500,000. This will give you more peace of mind for a longer stay.
If you're planning to stay for a period longer than 3 months but less than a year, look for a policy with at least $250,000 of coverage. This will help cover unexpected medical expenses.
We recommend getting at least $1 million in coverage per year for a year or a longer stay. This will give you more comprehensive coverage and protect you from financial burdens.
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If you're older or traveling with more people to the US, the risk of making a claim becomes significantly higher. In this case, you'll want to get full coverage health insurance plans with higher limits and more comprehensive coverage.
Here's a quick guide to help you choose the right amount of coverage:
Cost and Application
The cost of health insurance can vary widely depending on several factors. For example, the most affordable global medical plan can cost between $400 to $500 a year, while the most expensive comprehensive ones can go up to $30,000 to $40,000 a year.
Short-term travel medical plans start at around $1.50 per day, but can cost more than $10 per day for older clients or more comprehensive coverage. It's also worth noting that premiums are based on a policyholder's age, medical history, area of coverage, deductible, and maximum coverage selected.
Here are some estimated costs for international medical insurance plans by age:
These costs can also vary depending on the country of residence, with countries like Hong Kong and the US having some of the highest costs.
Cost
The cost of health insurance can be a significant factor in your decision-making process. The most affordable global medical plan offered by some providers ranges from $400 to $500 a year.
Short-term travel medical plans start at about $1.50 per day, and can cost more than $10 per day for older clients or more comprehensive coverage. This can add up quickly, especially for extended trips.
The average annual cost of an international medical insurance plan is $5,500 per year. However, plans can range from as low as $500 with limited benefits to as much as $8,000 - $10,000, or more, for a comprehensive policy that includes coverage in the US.
Premiums are based on a policyholder’s age, medical history, area of coverage, deductible, and maximum coverage selected. This means that younger clients pay less for coverage as they usually are healthier and need less care.
Here's a rough estimate of the average annual cost of international health insurance by age:
The cost of a policy will vary widely by demographics, location, provider, and plan type. For example, older clients who decide to retire in Costa Rica may face higher policy costs as the average age of applicants and residence country drive up prices.
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How to Apply
If you don't have private insurance in your home country, you need to know what to expect when you apply for worldwide health insurance.
You may need to provide documentation of your medical history, even if you have private insurance in your home country.
The application process for worldwide health insurance can be a bit different from what you're used to.
You may need to fill out a detailed application form, which can take some time to complete.
Even if you have private insurance, you may find that you need to pay a higher premium for worldwide coverage.
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Eligibility Requirements and Restrictions
Recent immigrants with income up to 138% of the poverty level are eligible for ACA subsidies, regardless of their income level, for five years after becoming lawfully present in the US.
Low-income, lawfully present immigrants who would be eligible for Medicaid based on income but are barred due to their immigration status can enroll in plans through the exchange with full subsidies.
To be lawfully present, you must meet at least one of the following conditions: be a qualified non-citizen immigrant, hold a valid non-immigrant visa, be under humanitarian status, or hold legal status conferred by different laws.
Undocumented immigrants are not eligible for ACA coverage unless a state has established a program for this purpose.
Some states have implemented programs to cover undocumented immigrants, particularly low-income children and/or pregnant people.
To be eligible for a global health policy, you must already have a plan to reside outside of your home country on or before the policy's effective date.
Most global plans require you to apply 30 to 45 days before your departure date.
The common eligibility criteria for most international health insurance plans is that you should live or be living in a foreign country for at least 3 months per year.
Some insurance providers may not be able to sell policies to individuals who are coming from or going to a few select countries due to local insurance regulatory rules or compliance laws.
Here are the common eligibility criteria for international health insurance plans:
Pre-Existing Conditions and Underwriting
Applying for health insurance as a non-US citizen can be a complex process, especially when it comes to pre-existing conditions. Medical underwriting is a required step when applying for international healthcare plans.
During the underwriting process, your prospective insurer will review your medical history, which can take around 3 to 5 business days. This is a standard process for all international family health insurance plans.
Pre-existing conditions can affect your application, but it's not a straightforward issue. Some minor conditions, like allergies, may not impact your policy, while others might prohibit coverage or require adjustments to the plan.
These adjustments could include higher premiums, modified coverage limits, exclusions for certain conditions, or waiting periods for the treatment of pre-existing conditions. For example, some plans may have a waiting period for pre-existing conditions, which can be reduced or eliminated if you have prior creditable coverage.
Here are some possible outcomes for pre-existing conditions:
Pre-Existing Conditions
After you apply for global health insurance, a team of underwriters will review your application and any pre-existing conditions you have indicated.
They may require a copy of past healthcare records to assess the risk. A copy of past healthcare records is often requested to assess the risk.
If you have pre-existing conditions, it may affect your application, and many applicants have difficulty finding a suitable plan.
For minor pre-existing conditions like allergies, your policy may not be affected. However, in other cases, pre-existing conditions might prohibit coverage from a provider.
Other issues in your medical history can be managed with adjustments to the plan, which could include higher premiums, modified coverage limits, exclusions for certain conditions, or waiting periods for the treatment of pre-existing conditions.
GeoBlue's Xplorer Plan has a process to address pre-existing conditions, and prior creditable coverage can be applied to reduce or eliminate the waiting period for these conditions.
You should review the plan's exclusions as specified in the policy schedule once your application has been approved.
For another approach, see: Insurance Agent Application
Underwriting Process for Expatriate Applications
The underwriting process for expatriate applications is a crucial step in securing international health insurance. It's a review of your medical history to determine the level of risk you pose to the insurer.
You'll need to provide a team of underwriters with your application and any pre-existing conditions you've indicated. They may also request a copy of your past healthcare records.
This process is required by international healthcare companies, and it's not a lengthy one, typically taking 3 to 5 business days to complete.
On a similar theme: What Is the Best International Travel Health Insurance
Frequently Asked Questions
Can you get health insurance in the US without a SSN?
You can get health insurance in the US without a Social Security number, but it may require additional documentation or application steps. Contact us to learn more about the process and requirements.
Sources
- https://usahello.org/health/doctors-medicine/health-insurance/
- https://www.healthinsurance.org/obamacare/how-immigrants-are-getting-health-coverage/
- https://www.lawfirm1.com/health-insurance-for-immigrants/
- https://www.internationalinsurance.com/health/north-america/usa.php
- https://www.internationalinsurance.com/health/
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