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Medicare covers most recommended vaccines, including flu, pneumonia, and shingles. These vaccines are covered under Medicare Part D, which includes prescription drug coverage.
If you're under 65 and have private insurance, your policy will likely cover routine vaccinations. Some private insurance plans even offer additional discounts or incentives for staying up-to-date on recommended vaccines.
Medicare Part B covers vaccines that are recommended for people with certain health conditions, such as hepatitis A and B for people with liver disease.
Types of Vaccines
There are several types of vaccines, each with its own unique characteristics. Inactivated vaccines, like the flu shot, contain a killed or weakened virus that cannot cause the disease but still triggers an immune response.
Live, attenuated vaccines, such as the MMR vaccine, contain a weakened form of the virus that can cause the disease but is not severe enough to make you sick. This type of vaccine is often used for viral diseases like measles, mumps, and rubella.
Conjugate vaccines, like the Hib vaccine, combine a weakened form of the bacteria with a carrier protein to help the immune system recognize and fight the bacteria. This type of vaccine is often used for bacterial diseases like Haemophilus influenzae type b.
Pneumococcal
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Pneumococcal vaccines are a crucial part of adult vaccinations. All adults aged 65 years or older should get one or more pneumococcal vaccines.
These vaccines are especially important for older adults because they can help prevent serious pneumococcal diseases.
For people with certain medical conditions, pneumococcal vaccines are also highly recommended. This includes those aged 2 to 64 years.
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is a serious liver infection that can be prevented with a vaccine. The hepatitis B vaccine is recommended for adults aged 19 through 59 years old.
Adults in this age group should get vaccinated as soon as possible to protect themselves from this potentially life-threatening disease. It's a simple and effective way to prevent hepatitis B.
Adults aged 60 years and older with risk factors for hepatitis B should also get vaccinated. Risk factors can include a history of liver disease, a weakened immune system, or certain medical procedures.
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Adults aged 60 years or older without known risk factors may still get vaccinated, but it's essential to talk to a healthcare provider first to determine the best course of action.
Here's a quick rundown of who should get the hepatitis B vaccine:
Insurance Coverage
If you have private health insurance, you're likely covered for COVID-19 vaccines without any cost-sharing, although there may be exceptions. Most non-grandfathered plans, as well as employer-sponsored and individual/family market plans, cover COVID-19 vaccines without cost-sharing.
Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) coverage is mandated to cover all Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)-recommended vaccines for children through age 19 with zero cost-sharing. This includes the Pfizer and Moderna vaccine recommendations, which include individuals aged 6 months and older.
If you don't have insurance, you can still receive COVID-19 vaccines for free. Children can get free vaccines through the federally funded Vaccines for Children (VFC) program, while adults 18 years and older without health insurance can access free vaccines through the Bridge Access Program.
Here's a quick rundown of vaccine coverage for different types of insurance:
- Private health insurance: COVID-19 vaccines are usually covered without cost-sharing.
- Medicare: Covers COVID-19 vaccines for all beneficiaries, with no cost-sharing.
- CHIP: Covers all ACIP-recommended vaccines for children through age 19 with zero cost-sharing.
- No insurance: Children can get free vaccines through the VFC program, while adults can access free vaccines through the Bridge Access Program.
Medicare
Medicare covers COVID-19 vaccines at no cost for beneficiaries 65 and over, as well as younger adults with long-term disabilities. Virtually all Americans 65 and over are covered by Medicare.
The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act expired on September 30, 2021, but Medicare continues to cover the vaccine and its administration without cost sharing.
COVID-19 vaccines are covered under Medicare Part B without cost sharing, just like influenza and pneumococcal vaccines, with the normal Part B deductible waived. You pay nothing for the COVID-19 vaccine if your healthcare provider accepts assignment for giving you the shot.
Medicare Advantage plans also cover COVID-19 vaccines, but they can have different cost-sharing amounts. For the COVID-19 vaccine, however, the interim final rule clarifies that private Medicare Advantage cannot impose any cost-sharing for the vaccine or its administration.
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Medicare Cost plans, which are being phased out, cover healthcare expenses like vaccines the same way as Original Medicare does.
Here's a breakdown of how Medicare covers COVID-19 vaccines:
The two most commonly-used vaccines in the U.S. (Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna) both have full use authorization, meaning that any COVID-19 vaccine granted emergency use authorization by the FDA was covered fully by Medicare on day one of the public health emergency, and continues to be covered if it has received full FDA approval.
Private Health Insurance
Private health insurance plays a significant role in covering COVID-19 vaccines. More than half of Americans obtain private health insurance through an employer or the individual/family market.
The CARES Act mandated comprehensive coverage of COVID-19 vaccination for most people with private health insurance. This applied to all non-grandfathered major medical plans in both the individual/family market and group (employer-sponsored) market.
You're covered for COVID-19 vaccines, regardless of your insurance type or status. Updated COVID-19 vaccines are covered by private insurance, Medicare plans, and Medicaid plans.
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Children and adults who are insured through a private plan can access updated vaccines with no out-of-pocket costs at in-network locations. If you do not have insurance, you can receive COVID-19 vaccines free of cost.
You can get no-cost COVID-19 vaccines at healthcare providers, federally supported health centers, and retail pharmacy chains participating in the Bridge Access Program. Visit vaccines.gov to find locations offering no-cost COVID-19 vaccines through the Bridge Access Program.
GARDASIL 9 is covered by many private insurance plans. Contact your private insurance plan directly to confirm your coverage information. If your insurance needs a code for the vaccine, the CPT code is: 90651.
Here's a summary of the coverage:
- Non-grandfathered plans: COVID-19 vaccines are covered with no cost-sharing.
- Grandfathered plans: COVID-19 vaccines are not required to be covered, but can be voluntarily included in the benefits.
- Short-term health plans, fixed indemnity plans, and healthcare sharing ministry plans: COVID-19 vaccines may or may not be covered, and cost-sharing may apply.
Keep in mind that these plans can change their coverage, so it's essential to reach out to the company to confirm their COVID-19 vaccine coverage.
Children's Vaccines
Children's vaccines are fully covered under the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) with zero cost-sharing. This coverage applies to all Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)-recommended vaccines for children through age 19.
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The recommended age groups for COVID-19 vaccines under CHIP include individuals aged 6 months and older, as per the Pfizer and Moderna vaccine recommendations. The Novavax vaccine is approved for people 12 years of age and older, but the Johnson & Johnson vaccine is no longer available.
Some states also provide CHIP coverage for pregnant women and offer recommended vaccines with zero cost-sharing as part of that coverage.
Tdap and Td
As adults, we need to stay on top of our tetanus and diphtheria boosters. All adults need a Td booster every 10 years.
If it's been more than 10 years since your last tetanus vaccine, you should get a single dose of Tdap instead of a Td booster.
Pregnant people should receive the Tdap vaccine during each pregnancy to protect their babies against pertussis.
Vaccines for Children
Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) covers all Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)-recommended vaccines for children through age 19 with zero cost-sharing.
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The COVID-19 vaccine is fully covered under CHIP once it receives ACIP recommendations, but only for the recommended age groups.
Currently, the Pfizer and Moderna vaccine recommendations include individuals aged 6 months and older, while the Novavax vaccine is approved for people 12 years of age and older, and the Johnson & Johnson vaccine is no longer available.
Some states also provide CHIP coverage for pregnant women and offer recommended vaccines with zero cost-sharing as part of that coverage.
If your child needs a COVID-19 vaccine, you can rest assured that it's covered under CHIP, making it more accessible for families in need.
Vaccine Costs and Coverage
Vaccines are often covered by insurance, but costs can vary depending on your plan and provider. If you're uninsured, Washington state provides recommended vaccines at no cost.
Most health insurance plans have preventive services coverage that includes vaccines, but some people may have co-payments or other costs. Check with your doctor or clinic and your health insurance plan to determine your costs.
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Medicare covers preventive services, including vaccines, with some exceptions. Part B covers some vaccines like COVID-19, flu, and hepatitis B, while Part D covers others like the shingles shot and RSV vaccine.
You can get no-cost updated COVID-19 vaccine from health care providers, federally qualified health centers, and retail pharmacies participating in the Bridge Access Program. Visit Vaccines.gov to find locations offering no-cost COVID-19 vaccines through this program.
GARDASIL 9 is covered by many private insurance plans, but you should contact your plan directly for the most accurate coverage information.
Adult Vaccination Needs
If you're an adult, you may need vaccinations to protect yourself from serious diseases. This includes travelers to countries where hepatitis A is common.
For instance, if you're planning a trip to a country with high hepatitis A rates, you'll want to get vaccinated. This is especially true if you're traveling to areas with poor sanitation and hygiene.
Some adults are at higher risk for hepatitis A due to their lifestyle or occupation. This includes men who have sex with men and users of injectable and non-injectable drugs.
People with occupational risk for exposure, such as healthcare workers, may also need hepatitis A vaccination. Additionally, individuals who anticipate close personal contact with an international adoptee should consider getting vaccinated.
If you're experiencing homelessness, you may also be at increased risk for hepatitis A and other vaccine-preventable diseases.
Medicaid and Chip
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Medicaid clients can get immunizations from their primary care provider, pharmacy, or local health department, but this service isn't available for those in the Take Charge or Family Planning Only and the Alien Emergency Medical Only programs.
Under the Families First Coronavirus Response Act, states were eligible to receive additional Medicaid funding during the COVID-19 public health emergency as long as they complied with several basic requirements, including ensuring that beneficiaries have coverage for COVID-19 testing, treatment, and vaccines with zero cost-sharing.
Children who are uninsured or unable to afford the cost can get free vaccines through the federally funded Vaccines for Children (VFC) program. A child can also receive a vaccine through the VFC program if they are covered by Medicaid or the Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP).
The American Rescue Plan and Inflation Reduction Act ensure that the full coverage of COVID vaccines continues for Medicaid enrollees even though the public health emergency has ended, including enrollees with limited-benefit Medicaid, such as breast/cervical cancer coverage and family planning coverage.
About Gardasil 9
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Gardasil 9 is a vaccine that protects against nine types of human papillomavirus (HPV), which can cause cervical, anal, oropharyngeal, vulvar, vaginal, penile, and genital warts, as well as certain cancers.
It's administered in two doses, given six to twelve months apart, and is recommended for people aged 9 to 45 years.
Gardasil 9 is the most recent version of the HPV vaccine, replacing Gardasil, which only protected against four types of HPV.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends Gardasil 9 for preteens and teens to protect them from HPV-related cancers and diseases later in life.
The vaccine has been shown to be safe and effective, with a 90% efficacy rate in preventing HPV-related diseases.
Gardasil 9 is not a substitute for regular cervical cancer screening, but rather a preventive measure to reduce the risk of HPV-related cancers.
COVID-19 Vaccine
If you have Medicare, you're covered for COVID-19 vaccines through Medicare Part B with no cost sharing. This coverage applies whether the vaccine receives FDA authorization through an Emergency Use Authorization or is licensed under a Biologics License Application.
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Medicare will not pay for the initial doses of the COVID-19 vaccine already purchased by the government, but if eventually the vaccine is reimbursed by Medicare, it will be reimbursed at 95% of AWP.
Children and adults who are uninsured or unable to afford the cost can get free COVID-19 vaccines through the federally funded Vaccines for Children (VFC) program.
COVID-19 Vaccine Requirements
Medicare beneficiaries will have coverage for COVID-19 vaccines through Medicare Part B with no cost sharing, thanks to the CARES Act and an accompanying interim final rule.
The coverage applies whether the vaccine receives FDA authorization through an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) or is licensed under a Biologics License Application (BLA).
This means that covering a COVID-19 vaccine under Part B rather than Part D will ensure broader coverage for the vaccine under Medicare.
Not all beneficiaries are enrolled in a Part D plan, so this change is crucial for many people.
Medicare will not pay for the initial doses of the COVID-19 vaccine already purchased by the government.
However, if the vaccine is eventually reimbursed by Medicare, it will be reimbursed at 95% of AWP, the same formula used for influenza and pneumococcal vaccines.
COVID-19 Vaccine Recommendations
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The COVID-19 vaccine recommendations have undergone significant updates, and it's essential to stay informed. The CDC now recommends that everyone aged 6 months and older should get an updated COVID-19 vaccine.
Having a chronic lung disease increases your risk for severe illness from respiratory viruses, including COVID-19. The good news is that you can choose to get both your COVID-19 and flu vaccinations at the same visit.
Updated COVID-19 vaccines help restore our immunity because protection from vaccination does decline over time. They can also protect against different variants of the virus and reduce your chance of having Long COVID.
These updated vaccines have undergone a thorough review process and are similar to earlier versions that have been safely given to hundreds of millions of people.
Understanding Your Coverage
If you're wondering if your insurance covers vaccines, the good news is that many private insurance plans cover GARDASIL 9. You can contact your private insurance plan directly to get the most accurate coverage information.
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The CPT code for GARDASIL 9 is 90651, which you can provide to your insurance plan if they need it. This code is a standard code used by the American Medical Association.
If you're uninsured or can't afford vaccines, there are programs available to help. For example, children can get free vaccines through the Vaccines for Children (VFC) program or the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP).
Adults without health insurance can access free COVID-19 vaccines through the Bridge Access Program. You can find participating locations by visiting vaccines.gov.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is Tdap vaccine free for adults?
While the Tdap vaccine is not entirely free for adults, many private health insurance plans and some Medicare and Medicaid plans cover most of the cost, which ranges from $43 to $48.
Do you have to pay for hepatitis B vaccine?
You may need to pay for the hepatitis B vaccine if you're traveling to a high-risk country and require it for travel. The cost varies depending on your location and vaccination provider.
Sources
- https://doh.wa.gov/you-and-your-family/immunization/adult/faq
- https://www.verywellhealth.com/how-will-my-health-insurance-cover-a-covid-19-vaccine-5090168
- https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/issue-brief/vaccine-coverage-pricing-and-reimbursement-in-the-u-s/
- https://www.lung.org/blog/insurance-coverage-myths-covid
- https://www.gardasil9.com/patient-a/how-to-get-gardasil-9/insurance-coverage/
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