
The three companies that control the S&P 500 are BlackRock, Vanguard, and State Street. These companies have a significant impact on the market.
BlackRock is the largest shareholder in the S&P 500, with a 6.3% stake. Vanguard is the second-largest shareholder, with a 5.7% stake. State Street is the third-largest shareholder, with a 3.6% stake.
Together, these three companies hold a staggering 15.6% of the S&P 500, giving them a huge amount of influence over the market.
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BlackRock's Influence
BlackRock is the largest asset manager in the world, with over $8 trillion in assets under management, making it a significant player in the global financial system.
Its influence extends beyond just managing assets, as it also has a significant stake in the companies it invests in.
BlackRock owns a 6.4% stake in the S&P 500, making it one of the largest shareholders in the index.
BlackRock's Web of Influence
BlackRock has a stake of at least 5% in a staggering 97.5% of the companies in the S&P 500.
The company manages more than $87 billion worth of shares in fossil fuel companies, which is a significant amount of influence.
BlackRock employs both a former Federal Reserve vice chairman and a former head of the Swiss National Bank, showing its ability to attract top talent.
The federal government has asked for BlackRock's help during each of the past two recessions, demonstrating its importance in the financial system.
BlackRock is so powerful that it has been tapped by the Fed to manage a first-of-its kind vehicle to buy corporate debt, including junk bonds.
This web of connections and influence means that BlackRock has likely touched the lives of most Americans in one way or another.
Forcing Vanguard to Contract?
The outsized footprint of a few large financial companies poses new issues for the governance of corporate America, the competitiveness of our economy, the concentration of political power, and the stability of financial markets.
Steele suggested that Congress should institute common ownership limits to prevent large ownership stakes in concentrated industries.
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This could potentially limit Vanguard's influence and power in the market.
Steele also proposed that FSOC should designate the platform and custody services of large financial companies like Vanguard as systemically important market utilities, opening them up to greater oversight from regulators.
Designating Vanguard as a systemically important market utility could help address the risks of conflicts of interest and self-dealing that arise from its concentrated nature.
However, as Isaac Boltansky noted, the Obama administration's FSOC avoided directly targeting asset managers like Vanguard, and it's unclear if the Biden Treasury Department would take a similar approach.
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Regulators Eye Big Three on Passive-Investing Oversight
Banking regulators are investigating whether index-fund giants BlackRock, Vanguard, and State Street adhere strictly to their passive roles in U.S. bank investments.
These firms manage over $23 trillion, much of it in funds mirroring indexes like the S&P 500.
Regulators are vigilant due to banks' vital economic role, and a shift towards tighter oversight of asset managers' stakes reflects broader concerns in Washington about index-fund managers' sway over corporate America.
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The bipartisan support within the FDIC board is evident as McKernan, a Republican, and Rohit Chopra, a Democrat, engage with officials from Vanguard and BlackRock to discuss their holdings.
BlackRock and Vanguard possess over 10% of shares in numerous banks, a threshold usually indicating a controlling interest, while State Street holds substantial stakes.
The Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association advocates against redundant oversight, echoing BlackRock's private contention that current arrangements suffice.
Jonathan McKernan, an FDIC board member, is advocating for enhanced monitoring and a potential pause in investments above the 10% threshold.
Vanguard and BlackRock maintain passive commitments with the Federal Reserve and FDIC, self-certifying compliance.
Core Concerns
BlackRock, Vanguard, and State Street dominate the S&P 500 market, with a combined ownership stake of over 50%.
These three companies have a significant influence over the S&P 500 index, with BlackRock holding 6.1%, Vanguard holding 6.2%, and State Street holding 3.1%.
Their control over the market has led to concerns about market concentration and the potential for manipulation.
The S&P 500 is widely considered a benchmark for the US stock market, and the dominance of these three companies raises questions about the accuracy of this benchmark.
Their combined ownership stake is staggering, and it's worth noting that this concentration of ownership is a relatively recent development.
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BlackRock's Voting Power
BlackRock, the largest shareholder of S&P 500 companies, holds 7.3% of the total shares outstanding.
The company's voting power is substantial, with the ability to influence the direction of these companies.
BlackRock alone has the voting power to block or approve major decisions such as mergers, acquisitions, and executive compensation packages.
The firm's voting power is concentrated among its index funds, which hold 6.1% of the S&P 500's outstanding shares.
This concentration of voting power gives BlackRock significant influence over the companies it invests in.
BlackRock's voting power is not limited to individual companies, but also extends to the broader market through its influence on S&P 500 index funds.
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Exchange-Traded Funds
The Big Three - BlackRock, State Street, and Vanguard - are heavyweights in the ETF industry, with BlackRock's iShares platform alone managing $2.3 trillion as of the end of September.
They're responsible for between 73% and 80% of the global ETF market and sponsor 45 of the 50 largest funds.
The industry has become an oligopoly controlled by the Big Three, as noted by Steele.
ETFs charge much lower fees than actively managed funds, which is why they've become so popular among mom-and-pop investors.
Frequently Asked Questions
Does BlackRock outperform the S&P 500?
BlackRock's performance varies, with a 34.9% gain over the past 52 weeks outpacing the S&P 500's 31.6% return, but trailing its 26.8% YTD gain.
Which Vanguard fund follows the S&P 500?
The Vanguard S&P 500 ETF (VOO) tracks the S&P 500 Index, providing broad exposure to the US stock market. This popular ETF is a low-cost, easy way to invest in the 500 largest US companies.
Sources
- https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/24/business/blackrock-vanguard-state-street-biden/index.html
- https://www.blackrock.com/us/individual
- https://www.moomoo.com/news/post/36037471/regulators-eye-big-three-tighter-oversight-of-blackrock-vanguard-state
- https://ofdollarsanddata.com/vanguard-blackrock-state-street/
- https://www.esgprofessionalsnetwork.com/blackrock-joins-state-street-and-vanguard-in-further-expanding-voting-choice/
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