What Is the Function of the Highlighted Organelle?

A mitochondrion is a double-membraned organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. These organelles are sometimes referred to as the "powerhouses of the cell" because they generate the majority of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a molecule that cells use for energy. ATP is generated through a process known as oxidative phosphorylation, which occurs in the mitochondria.

The inner membrane of the mitochondrion is folded into structures called cristae. These cristae increase the surface area of the inner membrane, which is important because the oxidative phosphorylation reaction that generates ATP takes place on the inner membrane. The folds of the cristae also create compartments within the mitochondrion. The space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes is called the intermembrane space, while the space within the inner membrane is called the matrix.

The primary function of the mitochondrion is to generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. This process begins in the matrix of the mitochondrion, where enzymes catalyze the oxidation of molecules of pyruvate. Pyruvate is a product of glycolysis, the conversion of glucose to energy. The oxidation of pyruvate produces ATP, as well as other molecules such as water and carbon dioxide.

The electrons produced by the oxidation of pyruvate are transferred to a molecule of oxygen, producing water. The electrons are then transferred through a series of protein complexes embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane. As the electrons are transferred, energy is released and used to pump protons (hydrogen ions) from the matrix into the intermembrane space. This creates a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

The proton gradient is used to generate ATP from ADP and phosphate. ATP synthase is an enzyme that uses the proton gradient to synthesize ATP from ADP and phosphate. The synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate is an exergonic reaction, meaning that it releases energy. This reaction is coupled with the oxidation of pyruvate, meaning that the energy released by the exergonic reaction is used to drive the endergonic reaction.

The function of the highlighted organelle is to generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.

Curious to learn more? Check out: Atp Molecule

The nucleus is the control center of a cell. It contains the cell's DNA, which contains the instructions for the cell's growth and function. The nucleus is surrounded by a double layer of membranes, called the nuclear envelope. The nuclear envelope protects the DNA from damage and keeps it from getting mixed up with the DNA of other cells. The nucleus also contains small structures called nucleoli. Nucleoli are where ribosomes are made. Ribosomes are the parts of cells that make proteins.

Explore further: Cell G7

Cells are the basic unit of life. All cells have a plasma membrane that separates the cell from its surroundings. The cell membrane is a thin, flexible barrier that surrounds the cell and controls what goes in and out of the cell.

The cell membrane is made up of a double layer of phospholipids. Phospholipids are molecules that have a phosphate head and a fatty acid tail. The phosphate head is hydrophilic, meaning it attracts water. The fatty acid tail is hydrophobic, meaning it repels water. The two layers of phospholipids are arranged so that the phosphate heads are pointing towards the water and the fatty acid tails are pointing away from the water. This arrangement makes the cell membrane a semi-permeable membrane.

The cell membrane has many functions, but the most important function is to control the movement of substances in and out of the cell. The cell membrane is selective, meaning it allows some substances to cross the membrane while keeping other substances out. The cell membrane is also semi-permeable, meaning that it can allow some small molecules and ions to pass through it, but it will keep larger molecules and ions out.

The cell membrane is also responsible for the cell’s shape. The cell membrane is connected to the cell wall, which gives the cell its shape. The cell wall is a tough, rigid structure that surrounds the cell and provides support.

The cell membrane is a very important part of the cell, and without it, the cell would not be able to function properly.

The mitochondria are organelles that are found in the cells of all eukaryotic organisms. These organelles are responsible for a number of important cellular functions, including energy production, lipid and protein synthesis, and cell signaling.

The mitochondria are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell, and this is due to their role in energy production. The mitochondria are responsible for converting the energy from food into a form that can be used by the cell, a process known as cellular respiration. This process involves the uptake of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide and water.

In addition to their role in energy production, the mitochondria also play a role in lipid and protein synthesis. These organelles are responsible for the production of a number of important lipids, including cholesterol and triglycerides. The mitochondria are also responsible for the synthesis of a number of proteins, including those involved in the structure and function of the cell membrane.

Finally, the mitochondria are also involved in cell signaling. These organelles produce a number of important molecules, including ATP, which is used by cells to communicate with one another.

You might enjoy: Protein Macromolecule Apex

The Golgi apparatus, also known as the Golgi body or simply the Golgi, is a major organelle in the cells of eukaryotic organisms. It was first discovered in 1898 by Italian physician Camillo Golgi, who gave it its name. The Golgi apparatus is found in most types of cells, including plant, animal, and fungal cells.

The Golgi apparatus consists of a series of flattened, membrane-bound sacs known as cisternae. These sacs are arranged in a stack, with each sac being slightly smaller in diameter than the one below it. The stack of cisternae is connected to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which is a network of membrane-bound tubes and sacs. The Golgi apparatus is located near the ER, and the two organelles are often found in close proximity to each other.

The function of the Golgi apparatus is to modify, package, and deliver proteins and other macromolecules that are produced in the ER. Proteins produced in the ER are transported to the Golgi apparatus in small, membrane-bound vesicles. These vesicles fuse with the Golgi apparatus and release their contents into the cisternae.

Proteins and other macromolecules are modified as they move through the Golgi apparatus. For example, carbohydrates may be added to the protein molecules. The Golgi apparatus also packages proteins and other macromolecules into larger vesicles, which are then transported to their final destination.

The Golgi apparatus has a variety of functions, all of which are important for the cell. Without the Golgi apparatus, cells would be unable to produce the proteins and other macromolecules that they need to function properly.

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells. The ER has many functions, including the synthesis and modification of proteins, lipid metabolism, and calcium homeostasis.

Protein synthesis is the primary function of the ER. The ER is responsible for the production of all membrane-bound and secreted proteins. Proteins destined for the ER are synthesized on ribosomes and then transported into the ER lumen. Once in the lumen, the proteins are modified and folded into their final three-dimensional structure. Proper protein folding is essential for the function of the protein. Proteins that are not correctly folded are targeted for degradation by the proteasome.

Lipid metabolism is another important function of the ER. The ER synthesizes many of the lipids found in cellular membranes, including cholesterol, triglycerides, andphospholipids. The ER is also involved in the transport of lipids to other parts of the cell.

Calcium homeostasis is another function of the ER. Calcium ions are stored in the ER lumen and released in response to various stimuli. This release of calcium ions regulates many cellular processes, including muscle contraction, secretion, and cell divisions.

The ER is a highly dynamic organelle that is constantly changing in response to the needs of the cell. The ER is essential for the proper function of eukaryotic cells.

Intriguing read: Essential Oil Heal Kidney Function

Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles that are found in cells. They are responsible for breaking down and recycling cellular material, including damaged or unnecessary proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. Lysosomes also play a role in immune function by digesting bacteria and viruses that have been engulfed by phagocytes.

Lysosomes are formed by the Golgi apparatus, which is responsible for the synthesis and packaging of proteins and other molecules within the cell. Lysosomes are then transported to their final destination within the cell, where they fuse with other membranes and organelles.

Lysosomes are typically spherical in shape and range in size from 0.1 to 1.2 micrometers. They contain a variety of enzymes that are capable of breaking down a wide range of molecules. Lysosomal enzymes are classified according to the type of molecule they degrade. For example, hydrolytic enzymes are capable of breaking down proteins, while lipolytic enzymes break down fats.

The lysosomal enzymes are stored within the lysosome in a highly concentrated form. This is necessary in order to prevent the enzymes from damaging the cells they are intended to protect. When a lysosome fuses with another organelle or membrane, the pH of the lysosome is lowered, which activates the enzymes.

The function of lysosomes is essential to the proper functioning of cells. without them, cells would be unable to break down and recycle cellular material. In addition, lysosomes play an important role in immune function by destroying bacteria and viruses.

Peroxisomes are tiny organelles found in nearly every type of eukaryotic cell. Their primary function is to break down fatty acids and other toxins. This process is known as oxidation. In addition to their role in detoxification, peroxisomes also help to regulate cell growth and cell death.

Peroxisomes are thought to have originated from mitochondria, another type of organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Like mitochondria, peroxisomes are surrounded by a double-membrane. However, peroxisomes are much smaller than mitochondria, typically only 1/10 the size.

Peroxisomes are found in nearly every type of eukaryotic cell, including plant, animal, and fungal cells. In plants, peroxisomes are involved in the production of jasmonic acid, a hormone that helps to regulate growth and development. In animals, peroxisomes play a role in the metabolism of fats and the production of bile acids.

Peroxisomes are essential for a cell to function properly. Without peroxisomes, a cell would be unable to break down fats and other toxins. This would lead to the accumulation of toxins and eventually the death of the cell.

A different take: Which Macronutrient Is Vital for Every Function of the Body?

A vacuole is a membrane-bound cell organelle that is present in all eukaryotic cells. Vacuoles are typically very large, and can occupy up to 80% of the cell's volume. They serve a variety of functions, including storage of nutrients, regulation of ion concentrations, and degradation of excess or unnecessary cellular material.

storage of nutrients: Vacuoles store a variety of nutrients that the cell needs for survival. These include glucose, amino acids, lipids, and inorganic phosphate. The concentrations of these nutrients in the vacuole can be up to 10 times higher than their concentrations in the cytosol.

regulation of ion concentrations: Vacuoles play a role in regulating the concentrations of ions in the cell. They do this by sequestering ions that are in excess, and releasing them when they are needed.

degradation of cellular material: Vacuoles also play a role in degradation of excess or unnecessary cellular material. This process, known as autophagy, is important for maintaining the cell in a healthy state.

The cytoskeleton is a cell’s scaffolding, providing structure and shape, anchoring organelles in place, and allowing cells to move. Cytoskeletal proteins form filamentous networks throughout the cell. The three main types of cytoskeletal filaments are microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. All three types of filaments are required for the normal morphology and function of cells.

The cytoskeleton’s classic role is that of a scaffold. It provides support and shape to cells, and helps to maintain cell integrity. The cytoskeleton also helps to anchor organelles in place. For example, mitochondria and chloroplasts are tethered to microtubules so that they can be transported to different parts of the cell.

In addition to its scaffolding role, the cytoskeleton is also responsible for cell motility. Microtubules and microfilaments can act as tracks, providing a highway for organelles and vesicles to be transported throughout the cell. In addition, motor proteins can bind to filaments and use thefilaments as rails to move along. This is how cells are able to move, for example, in cellular slime molds and during wound healing.

Finally, the cytoskeleton participates in a number of important cell signaling pathways. For example, changes in the organization of the cytoskeleton are involved in cell cycle progression and cell differentiation. Cytoskeletal proteins can also be modified by addition of small molecules, such as phosphate groups, which can then serve as binding sites for other proteins involved in signal transduction.

Check this out: Which Three Activities Are Part of the Function of Accounting