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Baltimore small business owners can breathe a sigh of relief with the help of Health Reimbursement Arrangements (HRAs).
HRAs are a cost-effective solution for small businesses to provide health insurance to their employees.
By offering HRAs, small businesses can provide their employees with a range of health insurance options, including major medical, dental, and vision plans.
This can be a game-changer for small businesses in Baltimore, where the cost of living is high and every dollar counts.
Getting Started
Small business health insurance in Baltimore is not one-size-fits-all, and finding the right plan can be overwhelming.
To start, it's essential to understand that the Maryland Health Benefit Exchange offers a marketplace for small businesses to purchase health insurance.
A small business with 50 or fewer employees can qualify for the Small Group Health Insurance Marketplace, which offers a range of plans from different insurance providers.
Business owners should consider their employees' needs, including age, health, and family size, when choosing a plan.
In Maryland, small businesses can also explore association health plans, which allow groups to pool together and purchase coverage at a lower cost.
Before selecting a plan, it's crucial to review the network of healthcare providers and ensure they meet the business's needs.
It's also important to consider the cost-sharing structure, including deductibles, copays, and coinsurance, to ensure it aligns with the business's budget.
Small business owners can expect to pay between 50% and 80% of their employees' health insurance premiums, depending on the plan chosen.
Businesses can also consider working with a licensed insurance broker to help navigate the process and find the best plan for their needs.
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Understanding Costs
Small business health insurance costs can vary greatly depending on several factors. The average premium for single coverage in 2019 was 4% higher than the previous year, and the average premium for family coverage was 5% higher.
Over the past five years, small businesses saw an estimated 28% increase in annual family premiums. These costs can be affected by employee census, location, type of coverage, carrier selection, and employer contribution.
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Here are some estimated monthly costs to consider:
- Average small business health insurance plan covering 5 people: $1,432 per month ($286 per person)
- Small group insurance rates vary across the board, but can range from $599 to $2,000+ per month
- Self-funded health insurance costs include fixed costs like administration fees and stop-loss insurance, as well as variable costs like annual claims totals
- HRAs can be offered with no set up fees or long term contracts, but may have administration fees and plan document fees
Understanding Costs
Small business health insurance costs can be complex, but understanding the factors that affect them can help you make informed decisions. The average cost of small business health insurance can vary greatly depending on the type of plan and factors such as employee census, location, and carrier selection.
The nationwide average cost of insurance for an employee in 2019 was $599/mo. If trends remain consistent, employers can expect a 3% to 4% increase in cost each year. This means that the cost of small business health insurance will likely increase over time.
Small group insurance rates are calculated based on a handful of key factors, including employee census, location, type of coverage, carrier selection, and employer contribution. Understanding these factors can help you negotiate better rates with insurance carriers.
Here are some key factors to consider when calculating small group insurance rates:
- Employee census
- Location
- Type of coverage
- Carrier selection
- Employer contribution
Self-funded health insurance has both predictable, fixed costs and unpredictable, variable costs. The fixed costs include administration fees and stop-loss insurance, which can vary depending on the partners selected to handle each task. The largest factor in determining the cost of self-funded insurance is the annual claims total from employees.
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The cost of self-funded insurance can be broken down into the following components:
- TPA fees: These fees will vary greatly depending on the services performed and the partner selected.
- Stop-loss insurance: The average cost for stop-loss insurance premiums in 2019 ranged from around $25/mo to $142/mo.
- Variable claims: The total sum of healthcare costs from all employees in a given year will greatly vary depending on the health and well-being of the employees.
Health Reimbursement Arrangements (HRAs) have a primary cost associated with them, which is the predetermined reimbursement rates established by the employer. There may also be setup fees and ongoing administration fees if the employer decides to outsource the administration to another company.
What is an HRA?
An HRA is a type of arrangement between an employer and their employees to reimburse for medical expenses and/or insurance premiums on a tax-free basis. This is also sometimes referred to as "401k Style" insurance.
Under an HRA, employees purchase their own health insurance on the open market and then submit claims to their employer to get reimbursed for the cost of their premium and if allowed, all qualified medical expenses.
According to the IRS, there are currently only two types of HRAs that allow for employers to reimburse employees tax-free for qualified individual insurance premiums: QSEHRA and ICHRA.
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To implement an HRA, employers need to produce an official HRA Plan Document, which typically involves answering questions such as the HRA start date, eligible employees, reimbursement limits, and types of medical costs that will be reimbursed.
Here are the two main types of HRAs:
Choosing a Plan
Choosing a plan for your small business can be overwhelming, but it doesn't have to be. As a small business owner in Baltimore, you have several options to consider. You can choose from five types of healthcare plans: HMO, PPO, EPO, POS, and HDHP.
To narrow down your options, consider the level of control you want over your healthcare choices. If you want more flexibility, a PPO might be the way to go. PPO networks let you choose where to go for care, without a referral from a PCP or having to only use providers in your plan's provider network.
Here are some key differences between the types of plans:
In Maryland, you can find qualified ACA health plans from four major carriers: Aetna, Carefirst, Kaiser Permanente, and UnitedHealthcare. Consider the type of provider network and plan offered to your employees, as this will also impact the cost of your small group insurance.
Choosing Plans
Choosing the right health insurance plan for your small business can be overwhelming, but it's essential to make an informed decision. There are five types of small business health insurance plans available: HMO, PPO, EPO, POS, and HDHP.
Each plan has its unique features, and it's crucial to understand the differences between them. For instance, HMO plans have low premiums, deductibles, and fixed copays for doctor visits, but you'll need to stick to the HMO network. On the other hand, PPO plans offer more flexibility, allowing you to choose any doctor or hospital, but out-of-pocket costs may be higher.
You can also consider an EPO plan, which offers a local network of doctors and hospitals, but you'll need to pay a higher deductible when you need healthcare. POS plans require a referral from your primary care physician (PCP) before seeing a specialist, and out-of-pocket costs may be higher for out-of-network care.
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If you're looking for a plan with low premiums, an HDHP might be a good option. However, you'll need to pair it with a Health Savings Account (HSA) to offset costs like deductibles.
To choose the best plan for your business, it's essential to explore the different options and compare their features. Here's a quick rundown of the common types of health insurance plans:
By understanding the different types of plans available and their features, you can make an informed decision and choose the best plan for your small business.
Pros and Cons of an HRA
Choosing a plan can be overwhelming, but understanding the pros and cons of a Health Reimbursement Arrangement (HRA) can help you make an informed decision.
One of the main benefits of an HRA is that reimbursements are tax-free, which can be a significant advantage for employers and employees alike.
An HRA also allows employers to keep unused funds, giving them more control over their healthcare budget.
However, one potential drawback is that an HRA is dependent on a strong individual market, which can be a challenge in areas with limited healthcare options.
Employers with a self-funded plan can expect 72% of their employees to live in the Midwest region, which may impact their HRA strategy.
Here are some key pros and cons of an HRA to consider:
Overall, an HRA can be a valuable tool for employers looking to streamline their benefits management and provide more control over their healthcare budget.
Employer Requirements
As a small business owner in Baltimore, understanding the employer requirements for health insurance is crucial.
The Affordable Care Act (ACA) defines a small business as one with fewer than 50 full-time employees, meaning you're not required to provide health insurance to your workers. This is a relief for many small business owners, as it gives you flexibility and reduces administrative burdens.
However, offering health insurance has many advantages, such as group rates, accessibility to affordable healthcare, potential tax savings, and happy employees. If you do decide to offer health insurance, you'll need to follow certain requirements, including offering coverage to all full-time employees working 30 or more hours per week.
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To qualify for small group health insurance, you must meet four requirements: have 2-50 full-time employees, offer coverage to all full-time employees, enroll at least 70% of employees in your insurance plan, and have a physical work site within the state where you purchase your plan.
Here are the specific requirements for small business health insurance in Maryland:
It's worth noting that most carriers will require 2 full-time employees to establish a group, and the IRS will include part-time employees in your calculations to ensure you're under the 50-employee limit.
Health Insurance Options
For small business owners in Baltimore, finding the right health insurance can be a daunting task. Blue Cross Blue Shield is a top choice, offering access to 93% of doctors and 96% of hospitals nationwide.
One of the biggest advantages of Blue Cross Blue Shield is its extensive provider network. You won't have to worry about your employees finding in-network doctors, no matter where they are in the country.
Blue Cross Blue Shield provides a variety of plan options, including preferred provider organizations, health maintenance organizations, and high-deductible health plans. They also offer group dental and vision plans.
If you're looking for a more flexible option, you might consider an Individual Contribution Health Reimbursement Arrangement (ICHRA). eHealth can guide you through the process of setting up an ICHRA, which can offer many advantages over traditional group plans.
Some of the benefits of an ICHRA include the ability for remote employees to pick plans in their area, no minimum participation requirements, and the freedom for employees to enroll outside of the federal open enrollment period.
Here are some key features of ICHRAs:
- Remote employees can pick plans in their area, even if it's a different location than their employer.
- There are no minimum participation requirements. Employees can waive coverage if they wish.
- Employees can enroll outside of the federal open enrollment period.
- All employees can participate, even part-time and seasonal workers.
- Gives employers freedom to control costs and there are no limits to how much an employer can reimburse.
- More options means employees can choose plans and doctors that work for them
- Employees can keep plans if they change jobs, the only change would be the employer reimbursement.
Tax Credits and Incentives
You're considering small business health insurance in Baltimore, and you want to know about tax credits and incentives. Small businesses in Maryland may qualify for a tax credit from the IRS to help lower the cost of coverage.
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To be eligible, your business must enroll through Maryland Health Connection for Small Business (SHOP), have less than 25 full-time employees, pay an average salary of less than $56,000, and contribute at least 50% toward employee premiums.
The tax credit may be claimed for any two consecutive years, and you'll fill out IRS Form 8941 to claim the tax credit when you file your business taxes.
Small business employers contribute a significant portion of their employees' premiums, with 71% of premiums covered for employees with family coverage and 83% for employees with single coverage in 2019.
Here are the requirements for the Small Business Health Care Tax Credit:
- Enroll through Maryland Health Connection for Small Business (SHOP)
- Have less than 25 full-time employees
- Paying an average salary of less than $56,000
- Contribute at least 50% toward employee premiums
Keep in mind that eligibility for the tax credit is determined by the IRS, and you'll need to apply for the credit after being deemed eligible to purchase a plan through Maryland Health Connection's Small Business Marketplace.
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Cost Management
Cost management is crucial for small businesses in Baltimore to ensure they can provide quality health insurance to their employees without breaking the bank. The average cost of small business health insurance is around $1432 per month for a plan that covers 5 people, or $286 per person.
Factors that affect the cost of small business health insurance include the size and location of the company, and the ages of the employees. The health of employees, including pre-existing conditions, no longer impacts group health insurance rates.
To lower costs, employers can consider offering a Health Reimbursement Arrangement (HRA) instead of traditional group health insurance. The primary cost associated with offering an HRA is the predetermined reimbursement rates established by the employer, which can range widely depending on the HRA chosen.
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Lowering Costs
Employers who have fewer than 25 full-time employees, who pay average wages of $56,000 or less, or who cover at least half of their employees' premiums may be eligible for tax credits for their small group health insurance plans.
These tax credits can help lower the cost of your small business health insurance.
The cost of small business health insurance will depend on the type of plan or plans you want to provide as a small business owner.
You will need to think of how much coverage is needed for your employees, considering premiums, out-of-pocket costs, and provider networks.
An average eHealth small business plan covers 5 people and costs $1,432 per month in premiums - or $286 per person.
The insurance company will determine the final monthly cost for your group health insurance plan once your application has been reviewed and approved.
Costs vary based on a number of criteria, including the size and location of your company, and the ages of your employees.
To give you a better idea, here are some factors that can affect the cost of small business health insurance:
- Employee census
- Location
- Type of coverage
- Carrier selection
- Employer contribution
By understanding these factors, you can make informed decisions about your small business health insurance plan and potentially lower your costs.
Streamline Your Benefits Management with an HRA Plan
Streamlining your benefits management with an HRA plan can be a game-changer for small businesses. 72% of workers covered under a self-funded plan live in the Midwest region.
First, you'll need to determine the benefits you want to provide to your employees. This will involve creating a plan document and summary plan document (SPD) that outlines the rights of participants and beneficiaries, and helps the plan sponsor and administrator perform their responsibilities. It's strongly recommended to produce these documents in conjunction with a law firm or benefit professional.
You'll also need to decide whether to have an unfunded or funded plan. An unfunded plan means employees' claims will be paid from the company's general assets, while a funded plan requires setting up a dedicated trust fund. If you choose to fund your plan, you'll need to secure stop-loss insurance to cover unexpected healthcare costs.
To find the ideal provider network for your company, consider the industries and regions your employees work in. 80% of workers covered under a self-funded plan work in the transportation, communications, or utilities industries.
Here's a breakdown of the key steps to consider when setting up an HRA plan:
Enrollment and Administration
Enrollment and administration of small business health insurance in Baltimore can be a straightforward process. You can enroll your employees and their dependents in a new health plan with the help of an eHealth agent.
There is no limited enrollment period for small business health insurance, and employers can shop for a new plan any time of year. If you enroll in a plan by the 15th of each month, coverage can usually begin on the 1st of the following month.
You can manage the enrollment process yourself or have an agent or broker assist. If you decide to go through Maryland Health Connection, you'll have access to certified plans that cover essential health benefits, and you'll be eligible for the Small Business Health Care Tax Credit.
Here are some key things to consider when enrolling your employees:
- Enrollment is the process of getting your employees and their dependents signed up for your new health plan.
- You can choose to enroll employees in a plan with a metal level that suits your business needs.
- Employees can choose any plan across all the insurance companies that offer plans at the selected metal level.
- You can also offer reimbursement for medical costs through a Health Reimbursement Arrangement (HRA).
Enroll Employees
Once you've selected a health plan, it's time to enroll your employees. You can finalize the group creation with the carrier or work with your broker to enroll employees, making it relatively straightforward to add employees and provide them with access to the selected plans.
Maryland Health Connection makes it easy to manage the administrative aspects of your health benefits, allowing you to add employees, provide them with access to the selected plans, and finalize the group creation with the carrier or broker.
You can avoid additional steps by setting up your small group directly with an insurance carrier through a broker, but going through Maryland Health Connection for Small Business offers several advantages. Plans are certified by the state marketplace and cover essential health benefits, brokers are vetted and certified to assist at no additional charge, and eligibility for the Small Business Health Care Tax Credit is available.
To enroll employees, an eHealth agent can walk you through the process once you've selected a plan. During enrollment, be sure to answer all questions honestly and to the best of your knowledge, as premiums may differ based on medical history of certain individuals.
Here are the key requirements for enrolling employees:
By following these requirements, you can successfully enroll your employees and provide them with access to the selected plans.
HRA Setup
To set up an HRA, employers need to produce an official HRA Plan Document, which is typically done in coordination with their administrator. This document outlines the HRA's start date, eligible and excluded employees, reimbursement limits, and reimbursable medical costs.
Employers will need to answer key questions to design their HRA, including the HRA start date, which employees to include and exclude, and the reimbursement limits for each group of employees. This will help determine the HRA's scope and parameters.
The HRA start date is a crucial piece of information, as it marks the beginning of the HRA's implementation. Employers should carefully consider this date to ensure a smooth transition for employees.
Employers will also need to decide which medical costs are reimbursable, such as individual insurance premiums, or even a portion of their spouse's insurance premiums. This will impact how employees submit claims and receive reimbursement.
To communicate the change in healthcare options to employees, employers must provide an Employee Notice. This notice should clearly outline the HRA's details and any new benefits or requirements.
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Here are the key questions employers need to answer to design their HRA:
- What will be the HRA start date?
- Which employees should be included and who will be excluded?
- What are the reimbursement limits for each group of employees?
- What types of medical costs will be reimbursable?
By answering these questions and producing the HRA Plan Document, employers can establish a solid foundation for their HRA and ensure a successful implementation.
Employee Census
An employee census is a quick demographic snapshot of a company's employees that insurance carriers need to determine how much risk is involved in underwriting a business.
The employee census typically includes information such as the number of employees, their job titles, and their ages, but the specifics can vary.
Insurance carriers will use this information to determine how much risk is involved in underwriting a business, which is why it's so important to get it right.
Here are some of the key pieces of information that an employee census might include:
- Number of employees and job titles
- Ages and demographics of employees
Maryland Health Connection makes it relatively straightforward to add employees to your group plan and manage the administrative aspects of your health benefits, which can make the process of creating an employee census much easier.
By having a clear understanding of your employees' needs and demographics, you can make informed decisions about your health insurance plan and ensure that it meets the diverse medical and financial needs of your group.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can a small business write off health insurance?
Yes, a small business can write off health insurance premiums as a business expense, but only up to the amount of earned income from the business. This includes deducting premiums paid for employees as employee benefit program expenses.
Sources
- https://www.takecommandhealth.com/guide-to-small-business-health-insurance
- https://www.anthem.com/employer/small-business-health-insurance/how-it-works
- https://www.ehealthinsurance.com/small-business-health-insurance
- https://www.nerdwallet.com/article/small-business/best-small-business-group-health-insurance-plans
- https://benzeninsurance.com/best-maryland-small-business-health-insurance-broker/
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