
Low expense ratio index funds can be a game-changer for investors, offering a simple and cost-effective way to grow your wealth over time.
They're often compared to actively managed funds, which have historically underperformed the market.
Index funds track a specific market index, such as the S&P 500, and hold a representative sample of the index's constituent stocks.
This approach eliminates the need for active management and research, resulting in lower fees and higher returns for investors.
By investing in a low expense ratio index fund, you can keep more of your hard-earned money and achieve your long-term financial goals.
What Are Index Funds?
Index funds are a type of investment fund that aims to replicate the performance of a specific market index.
By tracking the index, index funds offer a simple and cost-effective way to participate in the overall market's performance.
Benefits of Index Funds
Diversification is key with index funds, providing exposure to a wide range of securities and reducing your risk.

Index funds offer a broad representation of the market, tracking popular indexes like the S&P 500. This ensures that your portfolio is diversified across multiple sectors and industries.
Low costs are another major advantage of index funds, with lower management fees and expense ratios compared to actively managed funds. This allows you to keep more of your investment returns.
Investing in index funds can be a reliable option, with consistent performance that has historically matched or outperformed many actively managed funds over the long term.
Here are some key benefits of investing in index funds:
- Diversification: Index funds provide exposure to a wide range of securities, reducing your risk and ensuring that your portfolio is diversified across multiple sectors and industries.
- Low Costs: Index funds generally have lower management fees and expense ratios compared to actively managed funds, allowing you to keep more of your investment returns.
- Consistent Performance: Index funds have historically matched or outperformed many actively managed funds, particularly over the long term, making them a reliable investment option.
Choosing an Index Fund
The first step in choosing an index fund is understanding the fund's underlying index and how it fits into your overall investment strategy. This involves considering the asset class and the type of stocks the fund holds, such as large-cap, mid-cap, or small-cap stocks.
You'll also want to look at the fund's expense ratio, which can range from 0.015% to 0.140% or more, depending on the fund and the provider. For example, the Fidelity 500 Index Fund has an expense ratio of 0.015%, while the Vanguard 500 Index Admiral has an expense ratio of 0.040%.

Here are some key factors to consider when choosing an index fund:
- Asset class: Consider the type of stocks the fund holds, such as U.S. stocks, international stocks, or a combination of both.
- Expense ratio: Look for funds with low expense ratios, such as 0.015% or lower.
- Index tracking: Consider the specific index the fund tracks, such as the S&P 500 or the Russell 1000 Growth index.
Some popular index funds with low expense ratios include the Vanguard 500 Index Admiral (0.040%), the Fidelity 500 Index Fund (0.015%), and the Fidelity ZERO Large Cap Index Fund (0.00%).
Selecting an Index Fund
The first priority in choosing an index fund is understanding the fund's underlying index and if this is a good place for you to invest. What asset class does the index fund represent and how does this fund fit into your overall investment strategy?
You'll want to consider the size of the companies held by the fund, whether they're large-, mid-, or small-cap stocks, and if the stocks have a growth or value orientation. Are the stocks U.S. based, non-U.S. based, or global across both U.S. and international markets?
Here's a comparison of Fidelity and Vanguard index funds to help you get started:
Keep in mind that not all index funds are low-cost, so it's essential to review the expense ratio of any index mutual fund or ETF you're considering. Compare the expense ratios of any index funds you're considering among funds tracking a similar index.

Fidelity offers a range of index funds with competitive expense ratios, including the Fidelity 500 Index Fund (FXAIX) with an expense ratio of .015%. Vanguard also offers low-cost index funds, such as the Vanguard 500 Index Admiral (VFIAX) with an expense ratio of .040%.
Ultimately, the key is to find an index fund that aligns with your investment goals and strategy, and to choose one with a low expense ratio to maximize your returns.
Mid-Cap
Mid-cap stocks often carry more market risk than large-cap stocks, but they tend to perform better in the long run.
The Northern Mid Cap Index has an expense ratio of 0.15%, or $15 for every $10,000 invested, and a minimum startup investment of $2,500.
Mid-cap stocks can be a good fit for long-term investors who are willing to take more risk for higher returns.
Vanguard Mid Cap Index Admiral Shares has an expense ratio of 0.05%, or $5 for every $10,000 invested, and a minimum initial investment of $3,000.
Mid-cap stock mutual funds often track indices, such as the S&P MidCap 400 index or the Russell Mid Cap Index, which include a blend of both growth and value.
The Vanguard Mid-Cap ETF has no minimum investment and is the equivalent ETF to Vanguard Mid Cap Index Admiral Shares.
Small Cap

Small-cap stocks are riskier than large- and mid-cap stocks, but they can deliver very good returns in the long run, especially if you can keep expenses low.
The Northern Small Cap Index (NSIDX) has an expense ratio of 0.15%, which translates to $15 for every $10,000 invested.
The Schwab Small Cap Index (SWSSX) has a significantly lower expense ratio of 0.04%, or $4 for every $10,000 invested.
The minimum startup investment for the Northern Small Cap Index (NSIDX) is $2,500.
Bond
Bond funds offer a low-cost way to diversify your portfolio, with some options even beating inflation. The Vanguard Total Bond Index Admiral Shares (VBTLX) has an extremely low expense ratio of 0.05%, or $5 for every $10,000 invested.
You can invest as little as $3,000 to get started with VBTLX. The Vanguard Total Bond Market ETF (BND) is another option with a 0.035% expense ratio and no minimum investment requirement.
Some bond index funds are pricier, like the Northern Bond Index (NOBOX), which has an expense ratio of 0.15%, or $15 for every $10,000 invested, and a minimum investment of $2,500.
Popular Index Funds

Schwab S&P 500 Index (SWPPX) is a low-cost index fund with an expense ratio of 0.02%, or $2 for every $10,000 invested. There's no minimum investment to start out.
The Fidelity 500 Index (FXAIX) is another option with an expense ratio of 0.015%. There's also no minimum investment required. These funds are a great starting point for investors who want to track the S&P 500 index.
Vanguard Total Bond Market ETF (BND) is a low-cost index ETF that tracks the Bloomberg US Aggregate Float Adjusted Index. This fund offers investors an all-in-one way to track most of the U.S. bond market.
Fidelity ZERO Large Cap Index Fund (FNILX) and Fidelity ZERO Extended Market Index Fund (FZROX) are two more options with 0% expense ratios and no minimum investments.
S&P 500
The S&P 500 is a benchmark index that includes 500 of the largest U.S. companies.
The Vanguard S&P 500 ETF tracks this index, offering broad diversification to investors. This fund is "self-cleansing", meaning that when a company no longer qualifies for inclusion, it is replaced by a growing company that deserves to be included.

The expense ratio of the Vanguard S&P 500 ETF is not explicitly stated in the article, but a similar fund, the Schwab S&P 500 Index (SWPPX), has an expense ratio of 0.02%.
There's no minimum investment to start out with the Schwab S&P 500 Index (SWPPX), making it a great option for those just starting to invest.
Here are some other low-expense S&P 500 index funds to consider:
These funds offer very low expenses, especially when compared to some mutual funds, which often have expense ratios of 1.5% or more.
iShares Core S&P Small-Cap ETF
The iShares Core S&P Small-Cap ETF (IJR) is a popular choice for investors looking to track the S&P SmallCap 600 index. It's offered by BlackRock, one of the largest ETF providers.
This ETF is unique because it's one of the only index providers to have a profitability requirement for its size segmented indexes. This adds an extra layer of quality to the companies it tracks.

Investing in the iShares Core S&P Small-Cap ETF can be a good option if you want to focus on smaller companies with growth potential. However, be aware that its performance can be more volatile than other investments.
The iShares Core S&P Small-Cap ETF is a great choice for those who want to diversify their portfolio with small-cap stocks.
Total Bond Market
The Total Bond Market is a great place to start for most investors. It's a broad category that includes a wide range of fixed-rate, investment-grade bonds.
Vanguard Total Bond Market ETF (BND) is a low-cost index ETF that tracks the Bloomberg US Aggregate Float Adjusted Index, which captures much of the domestic bond market.
This ETF offers an all-in-one way to track most of the U.S. bond market, making it a great option for investors who want to keep things simple. It's also a low-cost way to do so, with an expense ratio of 0.035%.

The Vanguard Total Bond Index Admiral Shares (VBTLX) also tracks this same index, but with a slightly higher expense ratio of 0.05%. However, the ETF version has a lower expense ratio and no minimum investment.
For investors who prefer a mutual fund, Vanguard Total Bond Index Admiral Shares is a great option with a low expense ratio and a minimum investment of $3,000.
Large Value
Large Value stock index funds are a great option for investors who want to track the performance of value stocks. They tend to follow the Russell 1000 Value index or the S&P 500 Value index.
Fidelity offers several Large Value index funds with low expense ratios. The Fidelity Large Cap Value Index Fund (FLCOX) has an expense ratio of .035%. This is significantly lower than the Fidelity Large Cap Growth Index Fund (FSPGX), which also has an expense ratio of .035%. However, it's worth noting that the Fidelity Large Cap Growth Index Fund has a slightly higher expense ratio than the Fidelity Mid Cap Growth Index Fund (FMDGX), which has an expense ratio of .050%.
Here's a comparison of the expense ratios for some of Fidelity's Large Value index funds:
Vanguard also offers a Large Value index fund, the Vanguard Value Index Admiral Shares (VVIAX), with an expense ratio of .050%. This is slightly higher than Fidelity's Large Value index funds, but still a relatively low expense ratio.
Lowest Values
Fidelity offers a range of index funds with low expense ratios, including the Fidelity 500 Index Fund (FXAIX) and the Fidelity Total Market Index Fund (FSKAX), both of which have an expense ratio of 0.015%.
The Vanguard Total Stock Market Index Admiral (VTSAX) is another top contender, with an expense ratio of 0.04%.
Fidelity's zero expense ratio index mutual funds are a game-changer, offering investors a way to save even more on fees. The Fidelity ZERO Large Cap Index Fund (FNILX) and the Fidelity ZERO Total Market Index Fund (FZROX) both have a 0% expense ratio.
Here's a comparison of the expense ratios for Fidelity and Vanguard index funds:
The lowest expense ratio among these funds is 0.015%, held by Fidelity's 500 Index Fund and Total Market Index Fund.
Investing in Index Funds
Investing in Index Funds is a smart move, as it allows your money to compound and grow over time. The lower the fees and expenses associated with your investments, the more your money can grow.
Low-cost index funds track popular indexes like the S&P 500, which means you can enjoy a greater share of the market's returns. This is because the fees and expenses are minimized.
By choosing low-cost index funds, you can maximize your returns and make your money work harder for you.
Understanding Index Fund Returns
Index fund returns are based on the performance of the underlying market index they track.
Investing in index funds allows you to participate in the overall market's growth without extensive research or active management.
The returns of an index fund are essentially a reflection of the market's growth, making it a reliable way to invest in the stock market.
Index funds have become a popular investment choice for those seeking a cost-effective and diversified approach to the stock market.
By tracking a specific market index, such as the S&P 500, index funds can provide returns that are closely tied to the overall market's performance.
Low-cost index funds matter because they offer investors the opportunity to participate in the market's growth while minimizing expenses.
Taxation and Index Funds
Taxation and index funds can be a complex topic, but it's essential to understand how taxes impact your investment returns.
Index funds are generally considered tax-efficient because they have low turnover rates, which means fewer capital gains taxes are triggered.
The tax efficiency of index funds is due in part to their passive management style, which involves buying and holding the same securities over time.

In contrast, actively managed funds often have higher turnover rates, which can result in more capital gains taxes.
For example, a study found that actively managed funds had an average turnover rate of 85%, compared to just 5% for index funds.
Index funds also tend to have fewer taxable events, such as selling securities, which can reduce tax liabilities.
As a result, index fund investors may be able to keep more of their investment returns, rather than sending them to the taxman.
Recommendations and Top Picks
If you're looking for low-cost index funds, Vanguard S&P 500 ETF has an expense ratio of 0.03% and manages $1.07 trillion in assets.
The Vanguard S&P 500 ETF is a popular choice among investors, and for good reason - it's one of the largest and most liquid index funds available.
With an expense ratio of 0.03%, the Schwab U.S. Large-Cap ETF is another top pick for those looking to invest in the US market.

The Schwab U.S. Large-Cap ETF has $39 billion in assets under management, making it a solid choice for those looking to diversify their portfolio.
Vanguard's Mid-Cap ETF has an expense ratio of 0.04% and manages $160 billion in assets.
The Vanguard Mid-Cap ETF is a great option for those looking to invest in mid-sized companies that are poised for growth.
Here are some top picks for low expense ratio index funds:
These funds are all top picks for those looking to invest in the US market with low costs.
Index Fund Providers
Index fund providers are a crucial part of the investment process. Fidelity and Vanguard are two of the largest and most well-known index fund providers.
Fidelity offers a wide range of index funds with low expense ratios, including their Fidelity 500 Index Fund (FXAIX) which has an expense ratio of 0.015%. This is significantly lower than Vanguard's 0.040% expense ratio for their Vanguard 500 Index Admiral (VFIAX).

Here's a comparison of the expense ratios for Fidelity and Vanguard's index funds:
This comparison shows that Fidelity's index funds often have lower expense ratios than Vanguard's, making them a more cost-effective option for investors.
Fidelity
Fidelity offers a range of index funds at competitive expense ratios.
Fidelity's Total Stock Market Index Fund has an expense ratio of 0.015%, making it a low-cost option for investors.
The fund tracks the CRSP US Total Market Index, which includes large-, mid-, and small-cap companies.
Fidelity's index funds can be accessed through their online platform, making it easy to compare and invest in a variety of funds.
You can consider Fidelity's Total Stock Market Index Fund as a core holding in your portfolio, as it provides broad market exposure at a low cost.
No Match for Fidelity in Index Investing
Fidelity stands out as the top index fund provider, offering a range of low-cost index funds that outperform their competitors.

Fidelity's index funds have a lower minimum investment requirement compared to Vanguard, with no minimum investment required for many of their funds.
Here's a comparison of Fidelity and Vanguard's index funds:
Fidelity's low-cost index funds can help investors save money on fees and expenses, allowing their investments to grow over time.
Fidelity's index funds offer a range of options, including international and emerging markets funds, which can be a great way for investors to diversify their portfolios.
Fidelity's low-cost index funds are a great option for investors who want to minimize their fees and expenses while still achieving their investment goals.
ETFs and Index Funds
Index-tracking ETFs have low expense ratios because they're passively managed, keeping operating expenses low.
Passive investing strategies don't require any in-house stock analysis or active trading, which helps keep costs down.
Low-cost index funds can allow investors without high levels of risk tolerance to put their money to work in the stock market.
ETFs are a great option for those who want to invest in the stock market without taking on too much risk.
Index Fund Rankings and Reviews

To make informed decisions about index funds, it's essential to review their expense ratios. Not all index funds are low cost, so compare the expense ratios of different funds tracking similar indexes.
When evaluating the underlying index of an index fund, consider the asset class it represents and how it fits into your overall investment strategy. This can help you determine if the fund is a good fit for you.
The size of the companies held by the fund is another crucial factor to consider. Are they large-, mid- or small-cap stocks? Do the stocks have a growth or value orientation, or does the fund hold a blend of the two styles?
In some cases, a broad index fund like one that tracks the total U.S. stock market may be appropriate, while in others you may want to create a diversified portfolio of index funds across asset classes and industry sectors.

To get a better understanding of the underlying stocks, look for funds that track indexes based in developed countries or emerging markets countries. This can help you diversify your portfolio and reduce risk.
Here are some key factors to consider when evaluating index funds:
By considering these factors and reviewing the expense ratio of each fund, you can make informed decisions about which index funds to include in your portfolio.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is a good expense ratio for an index fund?
A good expense ratio for an index fund is typically below 0.5%, as it indicates a low-cost, passive management style. Look for funds with expense ratios under 0.5% for a more cost-effective investment option.
Sources
- https://www.fool.com/investing/how-to-invest/index-funds/low-cost-index-funds/
- https://time.com/personal-finance/article/index-funds-with-low-expense-ratios/
- https://www.thebalancemoney.com/cheapest-index-funds-to-buy-4067421
- https://speadinfo.com/best-low-cost-index-funds/
- https://www.fidelity.com/mutual-funds/investing-ideas/index-funds
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