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Future taxable amounts can result in deferred tax assets, which can provide a significant source of liquidity for companies. Deferred tax assets arise when a company has tax losses or tax credits that can be used to offset future taxable income.
A deferred tax asset is created when a company has a loss or a credit that can be carried forward to future years to reduce its tax liability. For example, if a company has a loss of $100,000 in one year, it can use this loss to reduce its taxable income in future years.
The accounting implications of deferred tax assets are significant. Companies must estimate the likelihood of realizing these assets, and if they determine that it is more likely than not that the asset will not be realized, they must write off the asset.
The amount of a deferred tax asset that can be recognized on the balance sheet is limited to the amount of future taxable income that can be reduced by the asset.
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Understanding Deferred Tax Assets
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A deferred tax asset is an item on a company's balance sheet that reduces its taxable income in the future.
It's created when taxes are paid or carried forward but cannot yet be recognized on the company's income statement, such as when tax authorities recognize revenue or expenses at different times than the company's accounting standard.
The asset helps reduce the company's future tax liability, and it's recognized only when the difference between the loss value or depreciation of the asset is expected to offset its future profit.
A deferred tax asset can be compared to rent paid in advance or a refundable insurance premium, where the business no longer has the cash on hand but has its comparable value.
Here are some examples of deferred tax assets:
- Carryover of losses: If a business incurs a loss in a financial year, it can use that loss to lower its taxable income in the following years.
- Difference between accounting rules and tax rules: When expenses are recognized in a company's income statement before they are required to be recognized by the tax authorities or when revenue is subject to taxes before it is taxable in the income statement.
What Is an Asset?
An asset is essentially something of value that a company owns or is owed. It's often represented on a company's balance sheet.
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A deferred tax asset, specifically, is a type of asset that reduces a company's taxable income in the future. This can happen when a business overpays its taxes, as we saw in the case of the computer manufacturing company in Example 1. The overpayment becomes an asset to the company, which will eventually be returned in the form of tax relief.
In fact, the company in Example 1 had a deferred tax asset of $18, which is the difference between the taxes payable in the income statement and the actual taxes paid to the tax authorities. This amount will eventually be returned to the company as tax relief.
A balance sheet may also reflect a deferred tax asset if a company has prepaid its taxes, as mentioned in Example 2. This means the company has already paid taxes that will be credited to it in the future.
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Calculating an Asset
A deferred tax asset is created when taxes are paid or carried forward but cannot yet be recognized on the company's income statement. This can happen when the tax authorities recognize revenue or expenses at different times than the company's accounting standard.
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For example, a company may have prepaid its taxes, which would be reflected as a deferred tax asset on its balance sheet. The company's books need to reflect taxes paid or money due to it.
To calculate a deferred tax asset, you need to estimate the difference between the taxes payable in the income statement and the actual taxes paid to the tax authorities. This difference is a deferred tax asset.
Say a company estimates that 2% of its total production will be sent back for warranty repairs, resulting in a warranty expense of $60. If the tax rate for the company is 30%, the difference of $18 between the taxes payable in the income statement and the actual taxes paid to the tax authorities is a deferred tax asset.
A deferred tax asset can be used to reduce the company's future tax liability. It's like having a refundable insurance premium - the company no longer has the cash on hand, but it has its comparable value, which must be reflected in its financial statements.
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Formation and Carrying Forward of Deferred Tax Assets
Deferred tax assets are created when taxes are paid or carried forward but cannot yet be recognized on the company's income statement. This can happen when there's a difference between the tax authorities' recognition of revenue or expenses and the company's accounting standard.
A deferred tax asset is recognized only when the difference between the loss value or depreciation of an asset is expected to offset its future profit. This is similar to paying rent in advance or having a refundable insurance premium.
Deferred tax assets can be created through the carryover of losses, which can be used to lower taxable income in future years. This is a straightforward example of a deferred tax asset.
There is no time limit on deferred tax assets, and they can be used when it makes the most financial sense for a company. However, they can't be used with tax returns that have already been filed.
Here's a simple example of how a deferred tax asset is calculated:
In this example, the difference between the taxes payable in the income statement and the actual taxes paid to the tax authorities is a deferred tax asset.
Deferred Tax Assets vs Liabilities
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A deferred tax asset represents a financial benefit, while a deferred tax liability indicates a future tax obligation or payment due. This means that a company can use a deferred tax asset to reduce its future tax liability, but a deferred tax liability will increase its future tax liability.
A deferred tax asset is created when there is a difference between accounting rules and tax rules, such as when expenses are recognized in a company's income statement before they are required to be recognized by the tax authorities. This can result in a deferred tax asset.
For example, if a company incurs a loss in a financial year, it can use that loss to lower its taxable income in the following years, creating a deferred tax asset. This is because the loss will save the company money on its taxes in the future.
Deferred tax assets can be used when it makes the most financial sense for a company, but they can't be used with tax returns that have already been filed. This means that companies need to carefully plan and manage their deferred tax assets to maximize their financial benefits.
A deferred tax liability, on the other hand, represents a future tax obligation or payment due. For example, retirement savers with traditional 401(k) plans make contributions to their accounts using pre-tax income, which will be subject to income tax when withdrawn. This creates a deferred tax liability.
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Accounting
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A deferred tax asset is essentially a future benefit that arises when taxes are paid or carried forward but cannot yet be recognized on the company's income statement.
This can occur when there's a difference between the accounting rules and tax rules, such as when expenses are recognized in the income statement before they're required to be recognized by the tax authorities.
Deferred tax assets can be created when a business incurs a loss in a financial year and is entitled to use that loss to lower its taxable income in the following years.
They can also arise when there's a difference in the time that a company pays its taxes and the time that the tax authority credits it.
In some cases, a deferred tax asset might be created when a company has prepaid its taxes or overpaid its taxes.
A deferred tax asset is recognized only when the difference between the loss value or depreciation of an asset is expected to offset its future profit.
These assets are like rent paid in advance or a refundable insurance premium – the business no longer has the cash on hand, but it does have its comparable value.
Deferred tax assets can be used when it makes the most financial sense for a company, and there's no time limit on them.
Here are some key characteristics of deferred tax assets:
- They can be created when a business incurs a loss or overpays taxes.
- They can be used to reduce future tax liability.
- They don't expire, and companies can use them indefinitely.
- They're recognized when the difference between the loss value or depreciation of an asset is expected to offset its future profit.
Sources
- https://www.bdo.global/en-gb/microsites/ifrs/ifrs-accounting-standards/ifrs-faqs/topic206
- https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/deferredtaxasset.asp
- http://archives.cpajournal.com/2001/0800/dept/d084201.htm
- http://www.csun.edu/~hcbus003/ACCT%20352-Chap016ppt.ppt
- https://www.marcumllp.com/insights/taking-a-closer-look-at-deferred-tax-assets
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