Many students assume that student loans accrue interest while they're in school, but it's actually a bit more complicated than that. The truth is, some student loans do accrue interest while you're in school, but others don't.
The Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) program, for example, typically does not accrue interest while you're enrolled at least half-time. However, if you're not enrolled, interest will start to accrue.
Most student loans are subsidized, which means the government pays the interest while you're in school. But if you have an unsubsidized loan, you'll be responsible for paying the interest that accrues while you're in school.
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Accrual Basics
Direct subsidized loans start accruing interest again starting September 1, but the government pays the interest when you're attending school at least half-time, within the six-month payment grace period after leaving school, or your loans are in deferment.
Subsidized loans are a type of federal loan, and the government covers the interest while you're in school, during your grace period, and any periods of deferment.
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Borrowers are responsible for paying interest on unsubsidized loans from the day of disbursement, which means interest will start accruing immediately on September 1.
Unsubsidized loans include Direct unsubsidized loans, Parent PLUS loans, and Grad PLUS loans, all of which start accruing interest right away.
Private student loans typically begin accruing interest as soon as you receive the funds, and there's no pause on interest charges.
Here's a breakdown of when interest starts accruing on different types of student loans:
Interest can add up quickly, especially if you're not paying it while in school. Paying at least the interest on unsubsidized loans during these periods can save you a significant amount of money.
Interest Calculation
Student loans can accrue interest while you're in school, and understanding how it's calculated can help you manage your debt.
Federal student loans have fixed interest rates, but private student loans can have fixed or variable rates. You can choose the type of interest rate when you take out a private loan.
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Your interest rate is divided by the number of days in the year to get your "interest rate factor."
The interest rate factor is then multiplied by your loan balance, and then multiplied by the number of days since your last payment. The result is how much interest you're charged for that period. For example, 3.65% divided by 365 equals 0.01.
This means that if you have a $1000 balance and it's been 30 days since your last payment, you'll be charged $300 in interest.
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Payment and Savings
Making interest payments while in school can significantly reduce the total interest you'll pay over the life of the loan. Even small payments, like $25 or $50 per month, can make a big difference.
If you're a Sallie Mae borrower, you might be able to save 13% over the life of your loan by making interest-only payments while in school. This is a smart strategy if you can afford it.
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Making a fixed payment, such as $25, while in school can also reduce your total loan cost by 6%. This is a great way to establish good financial habits early on.
Paying loans and interest while in school can also help you avoid private loans altogether. Submitting a Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) can help you determine if you're eligible for federal student aid, including federal student loans.
Here are some options to consider when making payments while in school:
- Making interest-only payments while in school
- Making a fixed payment while in school (such as $25)
- Deferring repayment until you graduate and complete your six-month grace period
Remember, even making smaller prepayment amounts can help chip away at your debt.
Federal Student Loans
Most federal student loans begin to accrue interest as soon as they are disbursed. This means you'll start paying interest on your loan even before you've had a chance to use the money.
Direct Subsidized Loans are an exception to this rule. The government covers the interest while you're enrolled at least half-time, during the six-month grace period after leaving school, and during any periods of deferment.
Direct Unsubsidized Loans, on the other hand, require borrowers to pay the interest during all periods. This means you'll be responsible for paying interest on your loan even while you're in school.
Direct PLUS Loans, also known as Parent PLUS Loans, typically have higher interest rates than other federal loans. This means borrowing money through a PLUS Loan can be more expensive in the long run.
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Understanding Student Loans
Student loans can be a complex topic, but understanding the basics can help you navigate the process. The disbursement date is when the loan is disbursed, and in most cases, interest starts accruing on that date.
The amount borrowed, interest rate, and fees all play a role in determining how much you'll owe. Federal student loan interest rates are set by Congress, while private loan rates vary by lender. Your loan agreement will state whether interest accrues daily or monthly.
Here are some key factors to consider:
- Disbursement date: When the loan is disbursed and interest starts accruing
- Interest rate: The percentage you pay to borrow money, set by Congress for federal loans and varying by lender for private loans
- Accrual frequency: Whether interest accrues daily or monthly, as stated in the loan agreement
- Capitalization: When accrued interest is added to your principal balance, as outlined in the loan agreement
By understanding these factors, you can better prepare for your student loan payments and make informed decisions about your finances.
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A typical grace period for student loans is six months, but it depends on the loan type and servicer. For example, if you leave school in June and your lender gives you a six-month grace period, your first loan payment would be due the following January.
The grace period can vary depending on the loan type and servicer, but here are some common ones: Subsidized and unsubsidized direct federal loans (including grad PLUS): Six months Parent PLUS federal loans: Six months Private loans: Varies by lender
Interest will continue to accrue on unsubsidized loans and private student loans while you're not paying, which can make them more costly over time. This is because interest capitalizes, or gets added to your principal balance, making your loan balance higher than the original amount.
Private student loan interest kicks in on the first day the lender sends your loan money to your school, and it accrues daily using a daily interest formula. For example, if you borrowed $25,000 at a 5% rate, you'd accrue $3.25 in interest daily.
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If your lender offers a grace period before your repayment starts, interest also accrues during this deferred period, making your loan balance even higher. This process is called capitalization, and it can make it harder to get out of student debt.
The specifics of private student loan interest accrual can vary depending on the lender and the terms of your loan. Some lenders may still accrue interest even if you're in a grace period or deferment.
Personal Significance
Understanding student loans can be overwhelming, but it's essential to grasp the personal significance of managing your debt.
Making extra payments can help you pay off your loans faster and save money, which can be a huge relief.
Taking advantage of autopay discounts can also make a significant difference, potentially saving you hundreds or even thousands of dollars in interest over time.
Compound interest can make your debt grow faster than you think, so it's crucial to understand how it works and find ways to reduce it.
Making extra payments, taking advantage of autopay discounts, and student loan refinancing are all strategies that can help you tackle your debt and achieve financial freedom.
By implementing these tactics, you can save money, reduce your financial stress, and start building a stronger financial future for yourself.
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Two Types
Federal student loans are financial aid options offered by the U.S. Department of Education to assist students in covering qualified educational expenses.
Borrowers can choose from three main types of federal student loans: subsidized, unsubsidized loans, and PLUS loans.
Subsidized loans are a great option for students who need financial assistance, as the government pays the interest while you're in school.
Unsubsidized loans, on the other hand, require you to pay the interest as you go, but they offer more flexible repayment terms.
Private student loans are offered by banks, credit unions, and other financial institutions, and are typically used by borrowers who have exhausted their federal student loan options.
Private student loans often have higher interest rates and fewer repayment options compared to federal loans.
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Sources
- https://financialaid.nd.edu/aid-types/loans/federal-direct-subsidized-unsubsidized-loan/
- https://www.experian.com/blogs/ask-experian/when-does-student-loan-interest-start/
- https://www.lendingtree.com/student/student-loan-interest/
- https://www.earnest.com/blog/student-loans-accrue-interest
- https://www.studentloanplanner.com/private-student-loans-interest-in-school/
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