
In the UK, a significant shift is underway in the way people think about and use money. The use of plastic money, also known as contactless payments, has become increasingly popular.
Contactless payments have been on the rise since their introduction in 2007, with the first contactless payment made on a London bus. By 2019, over 60% of adults in the UK used contactless payments.
The convenience and speed of contactless payments have contributed to their widespread adoption. However, the environmental impact of the increasing use of contactless payments, including the production of single-use cards and the disposal of old cards, is a growing concern.
Britain's Shift to Plastic Banknotes
The Bank of England has been transitioning to polymer banknotes, which are more durable and difficult to counterfeit. The new notes are expected to last five years, compared to the 18 months to two years of traditional paper notes.
The first British banknote to be printed on polymer is the five-pound note, featuring Sir Winston Churchill on the reverse side. It was unveiled at Blenheim Palace, Churchill's birthplace.

Polymer banknotes have been introduced in several countries, including Australia, the Isle of Man, and Romania. The Isle of Man was the first to introduce plastic banknotes in 1983, but they had to be discontinued due to ink rubbing off.
The UK is replacing paper money with plastic, with the Bank of England removing 14.5 billion pounds of banknotes from circulation by September 30. The new rule applies to 20- and 50-pound bills.
The Bank of England recommends using remaining paper bills soon or depositing them at a bank or Post Office. After September 30, paper £20 and £50 banknotes will no longer be legal tender.
Polymer banknotes are more difficult to tear and resistant to dirt and moisture. They can even withstand a hot wash cycle in the back pocket of your jeans.
Britain will become the world's largest economy to use polymer currency after the transition. The country started circulating polymer bills in 2016 with a five-pound note.
A study by Evergreen Finance London found that the new polymer five-pound notes release 8.77kg of CO2, almost three times more than previous paper notes.
Damaged Bank Notes Replacement

Nearly 50 million plastic bank notes have had to be replaced in the UK since they were introduced due to damage and wear. This is a staggering number, considering the notes are designed to last longer than their paper counterparts.
The Bank of England has reported that around 20 million of the polymer £5 notes have been replaced in the first three years since their introduction in 2016, and around 26 million plastic £10 notes have also been replaced since their launch in 2017.
50 Million Damaged Notes Replaced
Almost 50 million plastic bank notes have been replaced due to damage and wear since they were launched. This is a staggering number, and it's interesting to note that nearly 20 million of the Bank of England's new polymer £5 notes have been replaced in the first three years since they were introduced in 2016.
The damage to these bills mainly relates to folds, tears, holes, and foil wear, which is consistent with the general wear expected for bank notes. This is not surprising, given the way we handle and use our money.
Interestingly, the plastic £10 notes have also been replaced in large numbers, with around 26 million of them being replaced by the Bank since their September 2017 launch. This is a significant number, and it highlights the need for durable and long-lasting bank notes.
Polymer notes are indeed safer than paper notes, and they last more than twice as long. This is a major advantage, as it means they can withstand more wear and tear before needing to be replaced.
Use of Animal Fat in Banknotes
The UK's new £5 notes contain animal fat, specifically tallow, which is rendered fat that is solid at room temperature. This ingredient is also used in candles and soaps.
More than 20,000 people have signed a petition demanding the removal of animal fats from the plastic banknotes. The petition argues that this is unacceptable to millions of vegans, vegetarians, Hindus, Sikhs, Jains, and others in the UK.

The Bank of England has distributed 440 million of these plastic banknotes, and by May, you won't be able to use the old ones. This means that by 2020, all of the country's banknotes will be replaced with new polymer ones.
Doug Maw, who started the petition, was "disgusted" by the use of animal fat in the banknotes and refuses to use them.
UK's New Currency
The UK's new currency is making headlines for all the wrong reasons. The introduction of polymer banknotes has been touted as an eco-friendly move, but a recent study suggests otherwise.
The new £5 polymer banknotes release 8.77kg of CO2, almost three times more than their paper predecessors. This is despite their longer lifespan, which correlates to 2.76kg of extra CO2 emissions over lifetime.
The Bank of England's data on the new notes' environmental impact is based on functional units, not actual usage. This means their findings are skewed and don't accurately reflect the real-world effects of the new currency.
In contrast, a credit card is the most environmentally friendly means of payment, producing just 20.8g of CO2 over its three-year life.
Climate Impact of New Currency

The new polymer banknotes in England have been a topic of debate when it comes to their environmental impact. They release 8.77kg of CO2, almost three times more than previous paper notes.
The Bank of England claimed the new notes were less greenhouse-gas-intensive, but their data was based on circulation of 1,000 banknotes over 10 years. This doesn't accurately reflect the number of exchanges or manufacture involved.
A polymer £5 note releases 4.97kg of CO2, compared to 1.8kg for a paper note. The new £10 notes release 8.77kg of CO2, compared to 2.92kg for their cotton-paper predecessors.
The analysis found that the new £10 notes release 5.85kg of extra CO2 emissions over lifetime, despite their longer lifespan. This is a significant increase from the previous paper notes.
The report suggests that electronic payment methods, such as Apple Pay, may be more environmentally friendly.
Frequently Asked Questions
Are non-plastic 20 pound notes still valid?
No, non-plastic £20 notes are no longer valid as they stopped being legal tender in October 2022. However, £7.2 billion worth of uncashed old banknotes remain in circulation, waiting to be exchanged for their plastic counterparts.
Sources
- https://www.coda-plastics.co.uk/blog/why-is-britain-moving-to-plastic-banknotes/
- https://edition.cnn.com/2020/01/04/uk/plastic-bank-notes-replaced-intl-scli-gbr/index.html
- https://www.audacy.com/wccoradio/news/national/the-u-k-is-replacing-paper-money-with-plastic
- https://qz.com/848022/the-uks-new-plastic-5-banknote-is-made-with-animal-fat-and-20000-people-have-signed-a-petition-against-it
- https://www.forbes.com/sites/davekeating/2019/08/21/englands-new-currency-is-harming-the-climate-report/
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